Poison-ivy dermatitis

Chelated complexes such as sodium zirconium lactate [15529-67-6] or ammonium zirconium carbonate [22829-17-0] and acidic forms such as zirconium hydroxy oxide chloride [18428-88-1] have been used in preparations in deodorants or for treatment for poison oak and poison ivy dermatitis. In such occasions, when the skin had been cut or abraded, a few users developed granulomas which have been identified as a delayed hypersensitivity to zirconium (99). These may take several weeks to develop, and commonly persist for 6 months to over a year. 

HYPERSENSITIVITY, DELAYED DERMATITIS, CONTACT POISON IVY DERMATITIS HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE ANAPHYLAXIS ANGIONEUROTIC EDEMA ARTHUS PHENOMENON ASTHMA... 

Hogan DJ (1996) The prognosis of irritant contact dermatitis. In van der Va PGM, Maibach HI (eds) The irritant contact dermatitis syndrome. CRC, New York, pp 9-15 Hogan DJ, Dannaker CJ, Maibach HI (1990) The prognosis of contact dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 23 300-307 Hurwitz RM, Rivera HP, Guin JD (1984) Black-spot poison ivy dermatitis. An acute irritant contact dermatitis superimposed upon an allergic contact dermatitis. Am J Dermatopathol 6 319-322... 

Fig. 1. Typical acute eczematous streak of poison-ivy dermatitis caused by hand transfer of the antigen. Note the separation caused by the pattern of the fingers that transferred the antigen...

In areas where the plant grows [22], poison-ivy dermatitis should be suspected in any individual... 

Sometimes a black deposit resembling black enamel paint can be seen at the sites of injury of poison ivy, poison oak and poison sumac. This is a hardened form of the allergenic sap on the surface of the plant. The black material is not as irritating as the clear liquid sap, but it is still very allergenic. After prominent exposure to the plant, one occasionally finds black spots on the skin in the areas of the dermatitis (Fig. 7). This is called black-spot poison-ivy dermatitis [46]. The tendency for the sap to turn black can help to confirm the identification of poison ivy, poison oak and poison sumac in the field [45]. The directions for doing this are found in Table 2. 

A fifth pattern is a strong acute eczematous eruption in one or more localized areas [86]. Cocklebur dermatitis tends to be more localized and spotty [14,15,16] and less chronic. It may even resemble poison-ivy dermatitis. 

Guin JD (1980) Reaction time in experimental poison ivy dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 6 289-290... 

Guin JD (1993) When is poison ivy dermatitis not poison ivy dermatitis Am J Contact Dermat 4 133-135... 

Guin JD (1983) Poison ivy dermatitis in winter with an example of filial contact dermatitis. J Indiana State Med Assoc 76 184... 

Findlay GH, Whiting DA, Eggers SH, Ellis RP (1974) Smodingium (African poison ivy ) dermatitis. History, comparative plant chemistry and anatomy, clinical and histological features. Br J Dermatol 90 535-541... 

Mallory SB, Hurwitz RM (1986) Black-spot poison-ivy dermatitis. Clin Dermatol 4 149-151... 

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