Injection point, definition

In the majority of animal studies which have investigated the effects of low-level exposures, it has been expedient to administer nerve agents by injection. While this is a useful starting point, more definitive studies involving inhalation or percutaneous administration may also be required to address specific questions or model particular situations. 

Additional definition of the operative mechanisms can obviate the need for the larger unit. It maybe possible to assess limitations in a smaller unit that has only a few injection points on the distributor. The unit could be used to evaluate distributor designs that permit a wide range of acceptable operating conditions. However, if the acceptable range proves smaller than desired, the larger pilot unit would then be needed to estabUsh acceptable performance. 

It is becoming more and more desirable for the analytical chemist to move away from the laboratory and into the field via in-field instruments and remote, point of use, measurements. As a result, process analytical chemistry has imdeigone an offensive thmst in regard to problem solving capabiUty (77—79). In situ analysis enables the study of key process parameters for the purpose of definition and subsequent optimization. On-line analysis capabiUty has already been extended to gc, Ic, ms, and ftir techniques as well as to icp-emission spectroscopy, flow injection analysis, and near infrared spectrophotometry (80). 

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