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Plutonium preparation

The pattern of iridium halides resembles rhodium, with the higher oxidation states only represented by fluorides. The instability of iridium(IV) halides, compared with stable complexes IrCl4L2 and the ions IrX (X = Cl, Br, I), though unexpected, finds parallels with other metals, such as plutonium. Preparations of the halides include [19]... [Pg.80]

The new elements neptunium and plutonium have been produced in quantity by neutron bombardment of uranium. Subsequently many isotopes have been obtained by transmutation and synthetic isotopes of elements such as Ac and Pa are more easily obtained than the naturally occurring species. Synthetic species of lighter elements, e.g. Tc and Pm are also prepared. [Pg.403]

Its importance depends on the nuclear property of being readily fissionable with neutrons and its availability in quantity. The world s nuclear-power reactors are now producing about 20,000 kg of plutonium/yr. By 1982 it was estimated that about 300,000 kg had accumulated. The various nuclear applications of plutonium are well known. 238Pu has been used in the Apollo lunar missions to power seismic and other equipment on the lunar surface. As with neptunium and uranium, plutonium metal can be prepared by reduction of the trifluoride with alkaline-earth metals. [Pg.205]

Plutonium as the important isotope Pu is prepared in ton quantities in nuclear reactors. It is produced by the following reactions, wherein the excess neutrons produced by the fission of are captured by to yield Pu. [Pg.213]

Plutonium Purification. The aqueous feed for the second plutonium cycle is typically prepared by adding HNO and an excess of sodium nitrite, NaN02, to destroy the excess reductant and oxidize the Pu to the more extractable Pu . An alternative approach which reduces the amount of salt in the Hquid waste involves absorbing nitrogen tetroxide, N2O4, as a substitute for the NaN02 ... [Pg.206]

The first preparation, isolation, and weighing of a pure compound of plutonium, plutonium(lV) oxide [12059-95-5] PUO2, was achieved in 1942 by... [Pg.191]

Plutonium(III) in aqueous solution, Pu " ( 4)> is pale blue. Aqueous plutonium(IV) is tan or brown the nitrate complex is green. Pu(V) is pale red-violet or pink in aqueous solution and is beUeved to be the ion PuO Pu(VI) is tan or orange in acid solution, and exists as the ion PuO. In neutral or basic solution Pu(VI) is yellow cationic and anionic hydrolysis complexes form. Pu(VII) has been described as blue-black. Its stmcture is unknown but may be the same as the six-coordinate NpO (OH) (91). Aqueous solutions of each oxidation state can be prepared by chemical oxidants or reductants... [Pg.198]

Preparation of Plutonium Metal from Fluorides. Plutonium fluoride, PuF or PuF, is reduced to the metal with calcium (31). Although the reactions of Ca with both fluorides are exothermic, iodine is added to provide additional heat. The thermodynamics of the process have been described (133). The purity of production-grade Pu metal by this method is ca 99.87 wt % (134). Metal of greater than 99.99 wt % purity can be produced by electrorefining, which is appHcable for Pu alloys as well as to purify Pu metal. The electrorefining has been conducted at 740°C in a NaCl—KCl electrolyte containing PuCl [13569-62-5], PuF, or PuF. Processing was done routinely on a 4-kg Pu batch basis (135). [Pg.201]

There are numerous complex (ternary and quaternary) plutonium oxides. Their properties have been reviewed (30). Plutonium oxidizes readily to Pu(VI) from binary oxides to complex oxides such as Ba PuO. The best way to oxidize Pu to Pu(VII) is to prepare complex oxides such as Li PuO from Li20 and PUO2 iu flowing oxygen (85). [Pg.203]

Plutonium trichloride, PUCI3, is the only known binary chloride of plutonium. No higher chloride in the soHd state has been prepared so far. The trichloride is a blue-green soHd and can be prepared from the reaction of Pu metal or PUO2, and HCl gas at elevated temperatures, and can be purified by sublimation and zone melting. The yellow complex chloride, CS2PUCI3, is stoichiometric, stable, and can be used as a primary analytical standard for plutonium (156). [Pg.203]

Pnictides. Plutonium nitride, PuN, has been studied as a possible fast-reactor fuel. It can be prepared by reaction of PuH with NH at 600—650°C or N2 above 230°C. The pnictides ate also interesting for their soHd-state magnetic and electrical properties. For the latter reason they also have been prepared as single crystals (165). [Pg.204]

T. W. Newton, D. E. Hobart, and P. D. Palmer, The Preparation and Stability of Pure Oxidation States of Neptunium, Plutonium, andMmericium, LAUR-86-967, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Calif., 1986. [Pg.206]

J. A. Leary, Studies on the Preparation, Properties, and Composition of Plutonium Peroxide, LA-1913, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, N.M., 1955. [Pg.207]

Calcium metal is an excellent reducing agent for production of the less common metals because of the large free energy of formation of its oxides and hahdes. The following metals have been prepared by the reduction of their oxides or fluorides with calcium hafnium (22), plutonium (23), scandium (24), thorium (25), tungsten (26), uranium (27,28), vanadium (29), yttrium (30), zirconium (22,31), and most of the rare-earth metals (32). [Pg.402]

The transuranium elements must all be prepared artificially. In the case of plutonium about 1200 tonnes have so far been produced worldwide, about three-quarters of it in civilian reactors. [Pg.1255]

The first isolation of plutonium was effected in room 405, Jones Laboratory, by starting with a concentrate containing the order of a microgram of plutonium in about 10 milligrams of rare earths prepared for us by Arthur C. Wahl and co-workers at Berkeley. My journal records this event as follows ... [Pg.14]

P. L. 1958. The microscale preparation and micrometallurgy of plutonium metal. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 5, 182-189. [Pg.30]

Materials. THF and ethyl ether were purified by distillation from LiAlH in an argon atmosphere. Toluene and petroleum ether (b.p., 20-40 C) were stirred overnight with CaH2 and filtered before use. Alpha-phase plutonium metal pieces, prepared at Rocky Flats (Rockwell International, Golden, Colorado), were cleaned with a THF solution of C2H I2 before use. [Pg.47]

Preparations. All preparations, purifications, etc. were performed in a purified argon atmosphere. The plutonium metal and a THF solution of CjH Ig were stirred together at room temperature in the dark, to minimize C l decomposition. In a typical preparation, a 3.0 g piece of alpha-plutonium metal was stirred for three days with a solution of 2.1g in 50 mL THF. An... [Pg.47]


See other pages where Plutonium preparation is mentioned: [Pg.318]    [Pg.199]    [Pg.203]    [Pg.206]    [Pg.213]    [Pg.220]    [Pg.220]    [Pg.205]    [Pg.312]    [Pg.192]    [Pg.202]    [Pg.203]    [Pg.203]    [Pg.203]    [Pg.203]    [Pg.208]    [Pg.325]    [Pg.1251]    [Pg.414]    [Pg.420]    [Pg.180]    [Pg.23]    [Pg.28]    [Pg.29]    [Pg.57]    [Pg.77]    [Pg.79]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.384 ]




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