Plumbing problems associated with

There are numerous other problems associated with the technique. Such systems need very careful setting up to ensure that the fractions park accurately in the flow cell so as to maximise concentration and hence signal to noise. Other minor irritants can include various plumbing problems, blockages causing capillaries to burst off, wet carpets etc. 

Finally, we mention several current applications somewhat outside of biochemistry in the usual sense. Thermography has slowly been coming to the fore. Many of the problems associated with the analysis of thermograms were treated at the Fifth International Symposium on Temperature (Plumb, 1972) in 1972 and new applications were discussed at the Sixth Symposium (Schooley, 1982) in 1982. Of perhaps more current interest is the greatly expanded interest in temperature measurement in hyperthermia and hypothermia. A recent New York Academy of Sciences conference has done an excellent job of reviewing this (Ann. N.Y. Acad., 1980). Cetas also wrote a general review of thermometry in this field (Cetas, 1968). Perhaps the most exciting new method in thermometry is that of optical fluorescence, which we described earlier. Catheters, whole-body scanners, etc., have been made for use with this method. At this point, 0.01°C is probably the least imprecision that can be obtained with the commercial instrument (Luxtron), with data obtained every 0.1 sec. Improvements are likely, however, as needs are made known to the company. 

A unique type of corrosion referred to as copper by-product release, cuprosolvency, or blue water occurs in potable water systems constructed of copper tubing, and has been reported worldwide [92-95]. The problem is most often attributed to EPS induced metal concentration cells. The condition is characterized by the release of copper as fine particles in plumbing systems distributing soft water in the neutral or neutral-alkaline pH range. Water may contain between 5 to 300 ppm copper (as Cu +) as finely suspended precipitates. A bacterial biofilm and associated acidic EPS bind copper ions at the metal surface and alter the porosity of the oxide film [96]. Geesey and coworkers [97] characterized binding of an acidic polysaccharide to thin copper films and su ested a cupric ion interaction with carboxyl groups on EPS. These interactions promoted ionization of metallic... 

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