Platinum microcoil

Kerns SR (1994) How safe is the use of platinum microcoils for embolization of small mesenteric arteries in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding AJR Am J Roentgenol 162 1497... 

Kaufman SL, Martin LG, Zuckerman AM, Koch SR, Sil-verstein MI, Barton JW (1992) Peripheral transcatheter embolization with platinum microcoils. Radiology 184 369-372... 

Morse SS, Clark RA, Puffenbarger A (1990) Platinum microcoils for therapeutic embolization nonneuroradio-logic applications. Am J Roentgenol 155 401-403... 

For treatment of upper GIH, stainless steel coils and platinum microcoils were found to be more effective if combined with Gelfoam or PVA [7,87]. 

In lower GIH, platinum microcoils placed in or near to the bleeding artery have served as a landmark for surgical exploration. In upper GIH, there is little indication of such guidance, as gastroduodenal anatomy does not present particular difficulties during laparotomy. 

Emholic material Steel coils Platinum microcoils if co-axial system used 1. Glue 2. Thrombin 3. Long detachable coils or detachable balloons if the aneurysm must be packed Unless the haemorrhage is immediately life threatening (see Fig. 7.3) do not use Particles Gelfoam Autologous blood... 

Improvements were made to pushable fibered coils, including the introduction of platinum fibered 0.035-0.038 standard and 0.018 in microcoils [8, 9). These later developments, provided a softer and more MRI compatible coil but without the radial force of the original stainless steel coils. In Europe an Inconel coil, with excellent radial force, replaced the stainless steel coils and so high radial force and soft fibered platinum coils for vessel occlusion, became available in Europe. The Inconel, high radial force coil, is not yet available in the USA. 

The embolization is performed by arterial approach for types 1,2,3, and 5, and by transhepatic transvenous approach for portovenous shunts in type 4. Platinum fiber microcoils are generally safe in types 3,4 and 5, and permit the occlusion of the shunts. Glue (n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) is the most effective material in patients with direct arteriovenous and arterioportal shunting arising from multiple sources [21]. Medical antiangiogenesis drugs... 

---