Platinum group elements with

C. Frazzoli, R. Cammarone, S. Caroli, Uptake of platinum-group elements with the diet a preliminary investigation, Pure Appl. Chem., 78 (2006), 69 D78. 

In two patents it has been reported that carbamates have been obtained by reaction of ArNH2 with CO, alcohol, a catalyst comprising a platinum group element with a salt of, for example, boric acid 1291]] or PdCl2 with FeCl3 even on powdery molecular si eve [292]I, and an oxidising agent. 

Rhodium is recovered from platinum and other ores by refining and purification processes that start by dissolving the other platinum group metals and related impurities with strong acids that do not affect the rhodium itself Any remaining platinum group elements are removed by oxidation and bathing the mixture in chlorine and ammonia. 

Several working groups have analyzed platinum group elements (PGEs) as possible markers of anthropogenic pollution in aerosols (in airborne particulates from automobile exhaust to check the emission of catalysts), mainly by ICP-MS.49 50 Airborne particles were also investigated with respect to selected element species (e.g., of Hg and Pb) by GC-ICP-MS.51,52... 

Heavy metals concentration generally decreases in urban soils away from the main road network and with increasing depth of sampling. This can be explained by the strong dependence of these contaminants on the use of motor vehicles—leaded fuels for Pb, tire wear for Zn and Cd, brake pads for Sb, converters and exhaust systems for platinum group elements (PGEs). 

M. Muller, K. G. Heumann, Isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry in connection with a chromatographic separation for ultra-trace determinations of platinum group elements (Pt, Pd, Ru, Ir) in environmental samples, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 368 (2000), 109D115. 

J. Begerow, L. Dunemann, Internal platinum and palladium exposure of the general population with emphasis on the exposure from automobile exhaust and dental restorative alloys, in F. Zereini, F. Alt (eds), Anthropogenic Platinum-group Element emissions. Their Impact on Man and Environment, Springer, Berlin, 2000, pp. 227 D 236. 

S. Yali, G. Xiyun, D. Andao, Determination of platinum group elements by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry combined with nickel sulphide E>re assay and tellurium coprecipitation, Spectrochim. Acta, 53B (1998), 1463D1467. 

B. A. Lesniewska, J. Messerschmidt, N. Jakubowski, A. Hulanicki, Bioaccumulation of platinum group elements and characterization of their species in Lolium multi-Borum by size-exclusion chromatography coupled with ICP-MS, Sci. Total Environ., 322(1D3) (2004), 95D108. 

Bennett V. C., Norman M. N., and Garcia M. O. (2000) Correlated platinum group element and Re abundances with isotopic compositions in Hawaiian picrites the role of sulphides. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 183, 513—526. 

Hattori H. and Hart S. R. (1991) Osmium isotope ratios of platinum group elements associated with ultramafic intrusions. Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett. 107, 499-514. 

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