Platinum compounds chemistry

The starting point of this article is the discovery by Rosenberg and his collaborators of the activity of certain platinum compounds as antitumour agents (7). Here we wish to introduce the chemistry of these agents, which will be relatively familiar to inorganic chemists, but not to chemists and biochemists of other disciplines. At the same time we wish the inorganic chemist to see the relevance of the chemistry to biological fields. 

Recent reviews in the field of platinum anticancer drugs focus on platinum-nucleobase chemistry [7], biological processing of platinum-modified DNA [8], trans-platinum anticancer drugs [5], cisplatin and derived anticancer drugs [4,9], proteins and cisplatin [10], trans-diam-mineplatinum(II) and nucleic acids [11], and catalytic activity and DNA [12], just to mention a few. The aim of this review is to explore the chemistry in the interaction of various platinum compounds with nucleic... 

We had incredible challenges being new parents, and my husband and I both chose to go into business. He started a software business and I started a specialty chemical business with a former professor. I had loved chemistry labs in college. I loved the investigative part of it. There was some cancer research being done with platinum compounds. We were going to make precious metal chemicals and support research. Later on I realized all the orders we got were for chemicals that were either dangerous, difficult, or deadly. 

A number of dppm complexes with hydride and methylene bridges have been referenced already in this chapter under the respective sections on hydrides and carbenes. These compounds will not be included again here. The binuclear platinum(I) chemistry of these complexes has also been developed. The complexes have a metal-metal bond between platinums, although this may be broken by formation of A-frame type molecules. This chemistry has been described in a series of papers, and the reaction types are outlined in Schemes 13 and 14, i28 .1438-1445 a similar chemistry will likely develop with the methylated ligand Me2PCH2PMe2.1450... 

Compared to the rich chemistry of the neighboring element platinum, the chemistry of gold has developed very slowly. With the advent of a new interest in the role of noble metals in catalysis, in microelectronics, and in pharmacology, gold and its compounds have become the focus of active research in a large number of laboratories throughout the world. New books (77, 84) and review articles (85) witness this recent development and will stimulate further investigations. 

So, in principle, we have to consider three types of species, all competing for cisplatin, namely, the rescue agents, the peptides and proteins, and the DNA. Although, at present, much highly relevant information is available about Pt-DNA binding, information of other aspects of in vivo platinum chemistry has become recently available [18-20], A review devoted towards the interaction of (new, active, and some relevant inactive) platinum compounds (in model fluids in vitro and in vivo) with cellular components (DNA peptides) and additives (rescue agents) is highly relevant and timely, and the most important results available will be discussed below. 

Dinuclear and trinuclear compounds represent a new class of platinum anticancer complexes and are among the most studied platinum compounds in antitumor chemistry. Many of these complexes circumvent cisplatin-resistance mechanisms. In contrast to cisplatin, the polynuclear complexes predominantly form interstrand cross-links. The dinuclear complex [ tranx-PtCl(NH3)2 2 /u.-(H2N(CH2) NH2) ]2+ (l,l/t,t) (17, Figure 9) is antitumor-active and shows no cross-resistance in cisplatin-resistant cell fines. Binding studies sfiowed tfiat DNA binding for this compound is different from that for cisplatin, as illustrated by the increased interstrand cross-linking. However, clinical testing was abandoned because of severe neurotoxicity. 

K. E. Sandman and S. J. Lippard, Activity of Platinum Compounds in Comhinatorial Libraries, in 30 Years of Cisplatin, Chemistry and Biochemistry of a Leading Anticancer Drug , ed. B. Lippert, Whey VCH, Weinheim, 1999, p. 523. 

The chemistry of the zerovalent state in nickel, palladium, and platinum compounds is reviewed. After a historical introduction in which the development of this chemistry is analyzed in terms of the current theory of the stabilization of low valency states, the most interesting classes of zerovalent compounds are described. The stability and properties of these compounds are discussed and related to the nature of the ligands and the coordinated metal. The catalytic properties of these zerovalent derivatives toward olefins, diolefins, and acetylenes are considered in connection with the facility of ligands exchange, the variation of coordination number, and the stereochemistry. A discussion of the % bond is reported. 

The effects of pH and Cl ion concentration on the species distribution of platinum compounds have been used to fashion the following plausible argument for the chemistry of cw-DDP in vivo. With the use of thermodynamic data for the ethylenediamine (en) analogue [Pt(en)Cl2], the relative concentrations of hydrolyzed species at pH 7.4 were estimated (see Table 9.3) for blood plasma and cytoplasm (Figure 9.7). The higher chloride ion concentration in... 

Chemistry, p. 1429 - A tetranuclear platinum compound designed to overcome cisplatin resistance . 

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