Plasticizer components abbreviations

Abbreviations of plasticizer names can be found in the standard terminology. " ISO standard has a separate section for symbols used for plasticizers. In addition to the abbreviations for individual plasticizers, Annex A contains a list of symbols for plasticizer components (alcohol part, acid part, and other elements of composition). Abbreviations of plasticizers used in rubber are given in a separate standard. 

The mixture of aromatics is typically referred to as BTX and is an abbreviation for benzene, toluene, and xylene. The first two components, benzene and toluene, usually are separated by distillation, and the isomers of the third component, xylene, are separated by partial crystallization.17 Benzene is the starting chemical for materials such as styrene, phenol, and many fibers and plastics. Toluene is used to make a number of chemicals, but most is blended into gasoline. Xylene usage is dependent on its isomer. Para-xylene (p-xylene) is a precursor compound for polyester. Ortho-xylene (o-xylene) is the building block for phthalic anhydride. Both compounds are widely used to manufacture consumer products. 

The tendency to have a pack component specification which is all-embracing is also changing. A simpler procedure utilises a series of information documents which lay out the procedures that a supplier has to follow for selective package forms, i.e. glass bottles, plastic bottles, laminates, labels, collapsible tubes, etc. It is then possible to have an abbreviated specification document which covers critical, major and minor defect classifications, advice on delivery and identification, and basic information on the material to be employed, etc. The specification therefore cross-references to its respective information (component manual) document and becomes considerably simplified in terms of both layout and detail. This is particularly important now that specifications are being computerised in conjunction with stock control and purchasing. 

Nylon 6,6 is an example of an even-even nylon, sometimes just abbreviated to even . It is easy to envision other even-even polymers, such as nylon 4,4. Similarly, it is possible to think of odd-odd, or just odd , nylons, such as nylon 5,5. Although these nylons have very similar chemical properties they differ in important electrical aspects, and the nature of the chain determines whether these plastics can be used to make piezoelectric components (see Section 11.2.3). 

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