Piezoelectric component

For polycr5rstalline piezoceramics to work, the electrically charged dipoles within the entire piezoelectric component must be aligned by placing the piezoceramic within a high electric field—a process known as poling. The ability of piezoceramics to almost instantaneously convert electrical... 

Acoustic ringing of the probe assembly after an RF pulse is a pesky problem which often limits the measurements of nuclides with low gyromag-netic ratios (it can also strongly interfere with measurements of samples containing piezoelectric components). The disturbance is often misinterpreted as a particularly long dead-time disturbance, until one notices that, unlike normal dead-time components, it disappears when B is set to zero. It is difficult to remove because it follows the phase of the RF pulse and thus cannot be eliminated by any simple RF phase-cycling. 

Nylon 6,6 is an example of an even-even nylon, sometimes just abbreviated to even . It is easy to envision other even-even polymers, such as nylon 4,4. Similarly, it is possible to think of odd-odd, or just odd , nylons, such as nylon 5,5. Although these nylons have very similar chemical properties they differ in important electrical aspects, and the nature of the chain determines whether these plastics can be used to make piezoelectric components (see Section 11.2.3). 

The polarization in a specific tilted smectic layer formed of chiral liquid crystals always has two components, as already mentioned the piezoelectric and the flexoelectric components. The piezoelectric component is to a first approximation ... 

A magnetoelectric composite material reacts to an external magnetic field by forming an electric dipole moment. Such a material is composed of a ferromagnetic phase with magnetostriction and a piezoelectric component. Powders of the two components are well mixed and sintered together. 

The electrical response of a piezoelectric material is a function of the electrode configuration relative to the direction of the applied mechanical stress. For a coefficient dy, the first subscript is the direction of the electric field or charge displacement, and the second subscript gives the direction of the mechanical deformation or stress. The C2v crystallographic symmetry typical of S5mthetic oriented, poled polymer film leads to cancellation of all but five of the dtj components W31, ds2, ds3, di5, and 24)- If the film is poled and biaxially oriented or unoriented, dsi = ds2 and di5 = 24. Most natural biopolymers possess Pco symmetry which yields a matrix that possesses only the shear piezoelectricity components dis and 25. Because the dss constant is difficult to measure without constraining the lateral dimension of the sample, it is typically determined from equation 7 which relates the constants to the hydrostatic piezoelectric constant, dsh. 

As seen from Equation 1.19, two of the piezoelectric components in wurtzite phase measure the polarization induced along the c-axis, at zero electric field, by a uniform strain either along the c-axis or in the basal plane. The relevant relationship is [90]... 

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