Plasticization of poly

Compatibility and Plasticization of Poly-B-Vinylnaphthalene with Polyethylene Oxide... 

Formation of aldehydes by the reaction of alkene, CO and H2 catalysed by Co2(CO)8 was discovered by Rolen in 1938 [25]. This is the 1,2-addition of H and CHO to alkenes, and hence called hydroformylation or the oxo reaction. Production of butanal, (33) from propylene as a main product is an important industrial process. Aldol condensation of butanal, followed by hydrogenation affords 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (34), which is converted to phthalate, and used as a plasticizer of poly(vinyl chloride). 

J. L. Zatz, N. D. Weinder and M. Gibaldi. Monomolecular him properties of protective and enteric film formers. 11. Evaporation resistance and interactions with plasticizers of poly (methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride). /. Pharm. Set., 58, 1493-6 (1969)... 

Handa YP, Kruus P, O Neill M. High-pressure calorimetric study of plasticization of poly(methyl methacrylate) by methane, ethylene, and carbon dioxide. J Pol5m Sci Part B Pol5m Phys 1996 34 2635-2639. 

Problem 2.30 In plasticization of poly(methyl methacrylate) (Tg = 105 C) with diethyl phthalate (Tg = — 65°C, = 10x10 °K ), how much of plasticizer... 

These effects are not limited to synthetic polymers and resins (note silk, above) Scandola and Pezzin [13] note the lowering of Tg of elastin by water and describe other aspects of the interaction that are closely related to the plasticization of poly-(vinyl chloride) and polycarbonate. 

Alkyl substituted anthracene has found application in plasticization of poly(N-vinyl carba-zole) residing in photoconductive layer of imaging member. 

Figure 11.12. Effect of fraction of stoichiometric concentration of 2-ethylhexyl-p-dimethylaminobenzoate used for ionic plasticization of poly(styrene-b-isobuty-lene-b-styrene), having 4.7% sulfonated phenyl units, on glass transition temperature, Tg, and temperature at which tan6=3. [Data from Storey R F Bau D W, Polym. Eng. Sci., 39, No.7, July 1999, p. 1328-34.]...

Plasticization of poly(styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene) ionomer by 2-ethylhexyl-p-dimethylaminobenzoate causes a decrease in the glass transition temperature, Tg, as the amount of plasticizer increases (Figure 11.12). This lowering of the Tg indicates that there is a slight plasticization of the non-ionic polystyrene phase. A much larger shift is observed in temperature at which tan5 = 3. This indicates a prefererrtial plasticization of the ionic clusters. 

Zhong J, Jia K, Zhao R, Liu X. Plasticization of poly(arylene ether nitrile) by the melt blending of phthalonitrile prepolymer a rheological, mechanical, and thermal study. J Appl Polym Sci 2010 2668-73. 

Handa, Y.P., S. Lampron, and MT. Oneill, On the Plasticization of Poly(2,6-Dimethyl Phenylene Oxide) by Col. Journal of Polymer Science Part B-Polymer Physics, 1994.32(15) p. 2549-2553. 

Goel, S. K. and Beckman, E. J. Plasticization of poly (methyl methacrylate) networks by supercritical carbon dioxide, Polymer, 34,1410-1417. 

Modulated temperature DSC has also been used to study plasticization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) by water. PET is somewhat hygroscopic and absorbs moisture, so the glass transition temperature will decrease. Quasi-isothermal analysis was used and the glass transition temperature was found to increase with time as the water evaporated (Toda et al. 1997d). A similar analysis was performed to investigate the effects of water on Nylon 6. A hermetically sealed pan was used and the plasticized glass transition separated into the reversing heat flow (TA Instruments 1994). 

Kulinski, Z., Piorkowska, E., Gadzinowska, K., Stasiak, M., 2006. Plasticization of Poly(L-lactide) with Poly(propylene glycol). Biomacromolecules 7, 2128—2135. 

VC Ovchinnikov, E.Yu., Moseeva, E.M., Zhikharevich, L.B., and Manushin, V.I., Effect of the interaction of components of plasticizing mixtures on the plasticization of poly(vinyl chloride) (Russ.), Vysokomol. Soedin., Ser. B, 28, 548, 1986. 

MAD Madsen, L.A., Plasticization of poly(ethylene oxide) in flrrid CO2 measirred by in-... 

Each aldehyde can be hydrogenated to the corresponding alcohol for use as a solvent or an intermediate for plasticizers and resins. n-Butyraldchyde also is converted to 2-ethylhcxanol by sequential condensation and hydrogenation. 2-Ethylhexanol is used to make the phthalate ester, which finds wide use as a plasticizer of poly vinyl) chloride. 

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