Plasmodium ovale infection treatment

Malaria is transmitted by the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito, one of the few species of the insect capable of carrying the human malaria parasite. The responsible protozoa ate from the genus P/asmodium of which only four of some 100 species can cause the disease in humans. The remaining species affect rodents, reptiles, monkeys, birds, and Hvestock. The species that infect humans are P/asmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale. Note that concomitant multiple malaria infections are commonly seen in endemic areas, a phenomenon that further compHcates choice of treatment. 

Hydroxychloroquine sulfate is a 4-aminoquinoline compound that interferes with parasitic nucleoprotein (DNA/ RNA) synthesis and parasite growth or causes lysis of parasite or infected erythrocytes. In rheumatoid arthritis, it may suppress formation of antigens responsible for symptom-producing hypersensitivity reactions. It is indicated for prophylaxis and treatment of acute attacks of malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium ovale, and susceptible strains of Plasmodium falciparum. It is also used for treatment of chronic discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and acute or chronic rheumatoid arthritis in patients not responding to other therapies. 

Four different protozoa of the genus Plasmodium -P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale and P malariae - can cause malaria. P. falciparum is the most virulent, being responsible for virtually all fatal malaria cases. Humans are infected by a feeding female Anopheles mosquito (Fig. 2). The clinical symptoms of malaria are associated with the development of the parasite within human red blood cells, while the liver stages remain asymptomatic. The following dtugs (in alphabetical order) are currently in use for the treatment of malaria [5]. 

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