Plasmodium gallinaceum

Several 2,3-disubstituted-4(3/f)quinazolinones were active against Plasmodium gallinaceum and showed antiinflammatory action on experimental edemas in animals. 6-(m-Amidinophenyldiazoamino)-... 

A historical example is the antimalarial drug proguanyl (Figure 16.1). It was observed that this compound is inactive in in vitro cultures of Plasmodium gallinaceum but that the serum of animals treated with proguanyl is active in these cultures. 

Bishop, A., and McConnachie, E. (1956). A study of the factors affecting the emergence of gametocytesof Plasmodium gallinaceum from erythrocytes and the exflagellation of male gametocytes. Parasitology 46,192-215. 

Brackett, S., Waletzky, E., and Baker, M. (1946). The relation between pantothenic add and Plasmodium gallinaceum infections in the chicken and the antimalarial activity of analogues of pantothenic acid.. Parasitol. 32, 453-462. 

Carter, R., and Kaushal, D. C. (1984). Characterization of antigens on mosquito midgut stages of Plasmodium gallinaceum. III. Changes in zygote surface proteins during transformation to mature ookinete. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 13,235-241. 

Carter, R., Gwadz, R. W., and Green, I. (1979). Plasmodium gallinaceum Transmission-blocking immunity in chickens. II. The effect of antigamete antibodies in vitro and in vivo and their elaboration during infection. Exp. Parasitol. 47,194-208. 

Grotendorst, C. A., and Carter, R. (1987). Complement effects of the infectivity of Plasmodium gallinaceum to Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. II. Changes in sensitivity to complement-like factors during zygote development. ]. Parasitol. 73, 980-984. 

Huff, C. G., and Coulston, F. (1944). The development of Plasmodium gallinaceum from sporozoite to erythrocytic trophozoite. J. Infect. Dis. 75, 231-249. 

James, S. P., and Tate, P. (1938). Exo-erythrocytic scizogony in Plasmodium gallinaceum Brumpt, 1935. Parasitology 30,128-138. 

Lumsden, W. H. R., and Bertram, D. S. (1940). Observations on the biology of Plasmodium gallinaceum Brumpt 1935, in domestic fowl, with special reference to the production of gametocytes and their development in Aedes aegypti (L.). Ann. Trap. Med. Parasitol. 34, 135-160. 

Nijhout, M. M. (1979). Plasmodium gallinaceum Exflagellation stimulated by a mosquito factor. Exp. Parasitol. 48,75-80. 

Nye, P. A. (1961). Temperature studies on chicks infected with Plasmodium gallinaceum (Brumpt, 1935) including some effects of cooling host and parasite. Exp. Parasitol. 11,77-89. 

Schellenberg, K. A., and Coatney, G. R. (1961). The influence of antimalarial drugs on nucleic add synthesis in Plasmodium gallinaceum and Plasmodium berghei. Biochem. Pharmacol. 6, 143-152. 

Weathersby, A. B. (1952). The role of the stomach wall in the exogenous development of Plasmodium gallinaceum as studies by means of hemocoel injections of susceptible and refractory mosquitoes. J. Inf. Dis. 91,198-206. 

In search of potential anti-malarial agents, Dobson et al. (48JCS123) prepared 7,10-dichlorobenzo[h][l,7]phenanthroline 52 by the route described in Scheme 1, but with 5-aminoquinoline 48 as a precursor of 7-diethylaminopropylamino-10-chlorobenzo[h][l,7]phenanthroline 53. No significant activity was observed when compound 53 was tested against Plasmodium gallinaceum (in vivo). 

Speck, Moulder, and Evans have shown for a unicellular organism, the protozoon Plasmodium gallinaceum, that the mechanism of oxidation of pyruvate resembles very closely that in pigeon breast muscle. A dicar-boxylic acid is required and the effect of this dicarboxylic acid is catalytic. Malonate inhibits the oxidation of pyruvate and other substrates and causes an accumulation of succinate. The di- and tricarboxylic acids of the cycle are all readily oxidized by the organism. Seaman obtained similar results with the ciliate Colpidium campylum. 

Zieler H, Nawrocki JP, Shahabuddin M (1999) Plasmodium gallinaceum ookinetes adhere specifically to the midgut epithelium of Aedes aegypti by interaction with a carbohydrate ligand. J Exp Biol 202 (Pt 5) 485-95. 

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