Plasma heating zones

To better understand what happens to the sample on its journey throngh the plasma source, it is important to understand the different heating zones within the discharge. Figure 4.5 shows a cross-sectional representation of the discharge along with the approximate temperatures for different regions of the plasma. 

As in the case of many metal—ahoy systems, weld ductihty is not as good as that of the base metal. Satisfactory welds can be made in vanadium ahoys provided the fusion zone and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) are protected from contamination during welding. Satisfactory welds can be made by a variety of weld methods, including electron-beam and tungsten-inert-gas (TIG) methods. It is also likely that satisfactory welds can be made by advanced methods, eg, laser and plasma techniques (see Lasers Plasma technology). 

Zirconium(IV) oxychloride estrone, 17- -estradiol and estnol, plasma lipids heat to 150 to 180°C for 5 min Fluorescent zones are produced — sometimes only after heating for longer penod [178]... 

In a follow-up study, the same authors examined the applicability of the same device for relevant protein samples and investigated the main contributions to band broadening [82]. As a consequence of the small depth of the beds, zone spreading caused by Joule heating was shown to be negligible (see Sect. 3.1.1). Cross fields of up to 100 V/cm were applied for the separation of human serum albumin, ribonuclease A and bradykinin. The feasibility of fraction collection was demonstrated with four collected fractions of a whole rat plasma sample. Off-line analysis of these four isolated fractions by CE indicated the separation of serum albumins and globulins. 

In a standard ICP MS spectrometer, a sample is loaded into the ionization (plasma) zone in the form of an aerosol at room temperature. The connector between the chromatograph and the spectrometer must prevent the condensation of vapors of separated compounds. Usually, it has the form of a resistance-heated steel capillary coimected to detectors in the following modes ... 

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