Plasma growth hormone

Levodopa usually increases plasma growth hormone concentrations (594). 

Schalch DS, Reichlin S (1966) Plasma growth hormone concentration in the rat determined by radioimmunoassay Influence of sex, pregnancy, lactation, anesthesia, hypophysec-tomy and extrasellar pituitary transplants. Endocrinology 79 275-280... 

Agrawal, A. K., and Shapiro, B. H. Gender, age and dose effects of neonatally administered aspartate on the sexually dimorphic plasma growth hormone profiles regulating expression of the rat sex-dependent hepatic CYP isoforms. Drug Metab. Disp. 25, 1249-1256,... 

FIGURE 32.4 Analysis of plasma growth hormone (GH) concentration profile by a model-based deconvolution teclmique. (A) Observed concentra-tions( ) fitted by a spline approximation curve. (B) Plasma GH concentrations ( ) and calculated GH secretory rate with 95% confidence limits line and stippled area). (C) GH secretion (thin line) and cumulative secretion with 95% confidence limits (line and stippled area). (Reproduced with permission from Albertsson-Wikland K et al. Am J Physiol 1989 257 E809-14.)... 

Growth hormone concentrations increase rapidly from 2.0 to 16.7 /xg/ml by the first hour of a major operation. The levels then fall later in the procedure to around 6.7 jug/ml. No relationship was found between the severity of injury and growth hormone levels (C6). Other workers have not found such marked increases in growth hormone levels after surgery and conclude that changes in plasma growth hormone concentrations have little metabolic significance in the postinjury period. 

Fig. 2 The influence of Sandostatin LAR biodegradable depot formulation on the mean plasma growth hormone concentrations in humans. Plasma concentrations are shown over a 24 hour period 28 days after administration of a second monthly 20mg dose of Sandostatin LAR, . For comparison, plasma concentrations are provided for untreated controls, , and for patients receiving multiple daily subcutaneous octreotide injections, A. (From Refs. ° ° l)...

Plasma growth hormone concentration may rise by as much as 15 times at the start of a fast but may return to normal after 3 days. Reduced energy expenditure is associated with decreased concentrations of thyroid hormones. Free and total triiodothyronine decrease by up to 50% witliin 3 days of the start of a fast. Free thyroxine concentration is also affected, but to a lesser extent total thyroxine is little changed. Urinary free cortisol is decreased by fasting, and the plasma cortisol concentration (free and total) shows a slight increase together with loss of the normal diurnal variation. 

G12. Guyda, H. J., Corvol, M. T., Rappaport, R., and Posner, B. I., Radioreceptor assay for insulin-like peptides in human plasma Growth hormone dependence and correlation with sulfation activity by two bioassays. /. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 48, 739-747 (1979). 

Winokur et al.82 infused L-tryptophan intravenously into 11 healthy male subjects and studied plasma hormone levels. Significant increases were observed in plasma growth hormone and prolactin concentrations after L-tryptophan was given compared to saline-infused controls. No alterations in cortisol or thyrotropin levels were noted. Also, in experimental animals,... 

Waxman, D.J., G.A. LeBlanc, J.J. Morrissey, J. Staunton, and D P. Lapenson (1988). Adult male-specific and neonatally programmed rat hepatic P-450 forms RLM2 and 2a are not dependent on pulsatile plasma growth hormone for expression. J. Biol Chem. 263, 11396-11406. 

Middle-age alterations in the sexually dimorphic plasma growth hormone profiles Involvement of growth hormone-releasing factor and effects on cytochrome p450 expression. Drug Melab. Dispos. 30, 141-147. 

Sex differences in the ultradian pattern of plasma growth hormone concentrations in mice. J. Endocrinol. 131, 395-399. 

Winer, L.M., M.A. Shaw, and G. Baumann (1990). Basal plasma growth hormone levels in man New evidence for rhythmicity of growth hormone secretion. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 70, 1678—1686. 

Pampori, N.A. and B.H. Shapiro (1999). Gender differences in the responsiveness of the sex-dependent isoforms of hepatic P450 to the feminine plasma growth hormone profile. Endocrinology 140, 1245-1254. 

Intermittent plasma growth hormone triggers tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of a liver-expressed, Stat 5-related DNA binding protein. Proposed role as an intracellular regulator of male-specific liver gene transcription. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 13262-13270. 

Choi, H.K. and D.J. Waxman (2000). Plasma growth hormone pulse activation of hepatic JAK-STAT5 signaling Developmental regulation and role in male-specific liver gene expression. Endocrinology 141, 3245-3255. 

F3. Faglia, G., Beck-Pecoz, P., Ferrari, C., Travaglini, P., and Ambrosi, B., Plasma growth hormone response to thyrotropin releasing hormone in patients with active acromegaly. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 36, 1259-1262 (1973). 

Fig. 11.2 Sex differences in plasma growth hormone vidual female rats (panel a) and mean plasma GH pro-(GH) profiles in adult rats (a) and humans (b). Shown files assayed in =8 individual men and =8 individual...

Fig. 11.3 Impact of plasma growth hormone ( GH) profile on sex-dependent rat hepatic cytochrome P450 CYP) mRNA levels. Shown are Northern blots probed with oligonucleotide probes specific for each of the indicated CYP RNAs. Panel a shows the male (A/)-specific expression of CYP2CJ1, which is not expressed in hypophy-sectomized rat liver Hx) and is induced in livers of both male and female F) hypophysectomized rats given either...

Fig. 11.4 Class I and class II sex-specific genes. Class I male-specific genes are induced by plasma growth hormone (GH) pulses in male liver (a) and class I female-specific genes are induced by the more continuous female plasma GH profile in female liver (b). Class II male-speeific genes are repressed in female liver by the female plasma GH profile (a) and class II female-specific genes are repressed in male liver by the male plasma GH profile (b). Consequently, the loss of GH following hypophysec-tomy ( hypox ) leads to downregulation of class I male-specific genes and to upregulation of class II female-spe-...

Fig. 11.9 Sex-diSerential binding of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 STAT5) to liver chromatin in male and female liver. The male plasma growth hormone GH) profile aetivates a male-specific pattern of STATS binding to liver ehromatin at sites that are more accessible in male than female liver ( male-biased DHS ), as determined by DNase hypersensitivity site DHS) anal-...

Pampori NA, Agrawal AK, Shapiro BH (2001) Infusion of gender-dependent plasma growth hormone profiles into intaet rats effects of subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes of rat and... 

There may also be glucose intolerance, and, in some cases, elevated levels of plasma growth hormones, although the particular role of this hormone in malnutrition is not fully understood. Also, there may be reductions in the secretions of the thyroid gland which could lead to failure of the body to maintain its temperature. 

Knopf RF, Conn JW, Falans SS, Hoyd JC, Guntsche EM, Rull JA. Plasma growth hormone responses to intravenous administration of amino acids. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1965 25 1140. 

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