Plasma aspartic acid

L-Asp hydroxylated at the /3-carbon to generate 7a ro-3-hydroxyl-L-aspartic acid has so far only been detected in cinnamycin and the duramycins, lantibiotics produced by actinomycetes. " This modification has also been found in mammalian proteins, such as the vitamin K-dependent protein C, and the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain in human plasma factor IX. Both bovine and human aspartyl-/3-hydroxylases have been purified and characterized and their in vitro hydroxylation activity has been shown using proteins... 

The anorexia suffered by cancer patients is likely to arise from a combination of psychological stress, altered senses of taste and smell and increased levels of cytokines, which influence the appetite and satiety centres in the hypothalamus. There are several consequences micronutrient intake will be diminished and this may contribute to the signs and symptoms of the disease. Plasma amino acid levels will fall, as in starvation (Chapter 16). Synthesis of glutamine (by muscle, adipose and lung), aspartate (by liver), glutathione (by the intestine) and arginine (by the kidney) will all be compromised. The metabolic significance of all of these is discussed in Chapter 18. 

Human plasma NSTEACS 45 GC-MS Citric acid J. 4-Hydroxyproline J, Aspartic acid J, Fructose J, Lactate t Urea t Glucose t Valine t (11)... 

Following two simultaneous cases of accidental human exposure to sulfur mustard, Smith et al. (2008) investigated the concentration of the cysteine-34 adduct to albumin and adducts to glutamic and aspartic acids of plasma proteins. In the case of a more severely exposed patient who required hospitalization, both adducts were detected over a 42 day period, though decreasing by approximately 75% towards... 

Staedt, LL, Lewellng, H., Gladisch, R., Kortsick, C., Hagmiiller, E., Holm, E. Effects of ornithine aspartate on plasma ammonia and plasma amino acids in patients with cirrhosis. A double-blind, randomized study using a four-fold crossover design. J. Hepatol. 1993 19 424-430... 

Factor X is a plasma protein involved in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood coagulation. Factor X has a mass of 55kDa and the activated Xa of 40kDa. The normal concentration in plasma is 6-8 pg/ml. Post-translational modifications of the protein involve y-carboxylation of specific glutamic acid residues, 3-hydroxylation of one aspartic acid residue, and N- and 0-linked glycosylation. 

Acetic acid does not cause the alpha to beta shift of aspartic acid, while even a dilute solution of strong mineral acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid brings it about. Even though the beta-aspartyl analog in terms of pressor activity equals that of angiotensin itself, it is not split by the plasma enzyme angiotensinase A. Use of angiotensin with the beta-aspartyl impurity present could lead to erroneous conclusions, especially in studies on rates of enzymatic destruction. 

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