Plaque disruption

Degree of plaque disruption (i.e., erosion, ulcer) Cholesterol, Lp(a)... 

PCI induces endothelial injury and plaque disruption, causing platelet activation, subsequent release of PF4 which is a heparin-induced antigen, thrombin generation, and an inflammatory response (Table 6). The addition of aspirin to UFH is used routinely to overwhelm the activation of platelets and the subsequently stimulated coagulation system. In a comparative trial between argatroban and UFH, inflammatory, hemostatic, and... 

Higashikata, T., M. Yamagishi, T. Higashi et al. 2006. Altered expression balance of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in human carotid plaque disruption Results of quantitative tissue analysis using real-time RT-PCR method. 

Heidland UE, Strauer BE. Left ventricular muscle mass and elevated heart rate are associated with coronary plaque disruption. Circulation 2001 104 1477-1482. 

E Falk, KS Prediman, V Fuster. Coronary plaque disruption. Circulation 92 657-671, 1995. 

Christov, A., Dai, E., Drangova, M., Liu, L., Abela, G.S., Nash, R, McFadden, G., and Lucas, A., Optical detection of triggered artherosclerotic plaque disruption by fluourescence emission analysis, Photochem. Photobiol, 72, 242, 2000. 

Even if there is a link between the presence of tangles and plaques and the emergence of AzD, it is by no means certain how those markers could be responsible for all the symptoms. They do not seem to be sufficiently numerous or widely spread to disrupt brain function to the extent that eventually occurs in AzD, although their preferential location in the hippocampus and the known association of that area with memory processing could explain the loss of that faculty. 

Esler WP, Stimson ER, Ghilardi JR, Lu YA, Felix AM, Vinters HV, Mantyh PW, Lee JP, Maggio JE. Point substitution in the central hydrophobic cluster of a human beta-amyloid congener disrupts peptide folding and abolishes plaque competence. Biochemistry 1996 35 13914-13921. 

Studies that have focused on neuritic response to the NP rather than to presence of the plaque core itself have been more successful in finding a relationship between plaque-associated dystrophic neurites and dementia [30]. These studies suggest that plaque cores per se may only be an initiating event and that the gradual effects of the plaque core on adjacent neuronal pathway architecture may actuate the ultimate disruption of function. The timeframe over which the latter occurs, and the nature of how plaque-induced changes in synaptic connectivity ultimately affect cognition, is not known. 

Hsia, A. Y., Masliah, E., McConlogue, L. et al. Plaque-independent disruption of neural circuits in Alzheimer s disease mouse models. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96 3228-3233, 1999. 

Disruption of the plaque which then breaks up and blocks the artery. 

A number of factors increase the risk of disruption of the plaque the presence of a considerable amount of fat in the plaque the effects of physical stress on the vessel wall, particularly in the hypertensive patient and the activity of macrophages. Macrophages release proteases (e.g. colla-genase, elastase) which lead to breakdown of the plaque. Rupture of the plaque produces fissures that are sites for aggregation of platelets. Fragments from the rupture can occlude blood vessels. 

Involvement of the pleura, i.e. formation of pleural plaques (fibrotic masses on the pleura) may accompany asbestosis or occur independently, that is, as lesions with no obvious causal relationship (Whitwell, 1978). Pleural plaques only occasionally cause symptoms, as when they restrict the motion of the lung by thickening the membrane (pleura) around the lung or disrupting tissue viability by calcifying. 

Bornslaeger, E. B., Corcoran, C. M., Stappenbeck, T. S., and Green, K. J. (1996). Breaking the connection Displacement of the desmosomal plaque protein desmo-plakin from cell-cell interfaces disrupts anchorage of intermediate filament bundles and alters intercellular junction assembly./. Biol. Chem. 134, 985-1002. 

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