Plant pigments alkaloids

WILLSTATER, RICHARD (1872-1942). A German chemist who won the Nobel prize for chemistry in 1915 or his work on plant pigments, especially clilorophyll. His education was at the University of Munich where he studied and taught before going to Zurich, Switzerland. He researched chlorophylls and pigments of plants and the relationship of cornflower blue to rose red. Work included the study of alkaloids including cocaine, tropine, and atropine. His work perfected the process of chromatographic partition. 

Anthocyanins (anthocyanins) anthocyanin studies by Sir Robert Robinson (UK, Nobel Prize, 1947, Chemistry, alkaloids) Widespread e.g. Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae) (wine) anthocyanins studied by Richard Willstatter (Nobel Prize, Chemistry, 1915, plant pigments chlorophyll fled Nazis) AO/FRS... 

Silica gel is the most extensively used adsorbent in thin layer chromatography because it leads to excellent, uncomplicated separations. It can be successfully employed for both qualitative and quantitative thin layer chromatographic analyses. It is usually used as a stationary phase in separations and analysis of alkaloids, various organic acids (especially amino acids and their derivatives), steroids, lipids, vitamins, plant pigments, pesticides, drugs, carbohydrates, phenolic substances, etc. 

Phytochemistry The plant contains alkaloids (jervine, pseudojervine, mbijervine, isorubijervine, etc.), tannins, resins, sugars, and pigments (Bondarenko 1972 Khashimov et al. 1970 Tolmachev 1976 Shakirov et al. 1995 Suladze et al. 2006). 

Pyrrole derivatives are quite rare in plants, except for the chlorophylls present in plants, pigments in the blood (heme), and the bile pigments derived from heme. Therefore, one may initially regard chlorophyll and heme as alkaloids containing a pyrrolidine or pyrrole ring that might possibly be derived from proline in their chemical strucmres. 

Peat is derived from living plants, which principally contain proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and polyphenols such as lignin. Small amounts of nucleic acids, pigments, alkaloids. 

The last two relationships between electroorganic chemistry and natural products, biogenetic reasoning and new chemistry, will be considered in more detail. Emphasis will be placed on natural materials from plants, namely the so-called secondary plant metabolites (alkaloids, steroids, pigments, terpenes, etc.). Furthermore, we will be concerned only with those reactions from which products have been isolated and identified. The electrochemistry of such primary metabolites as purines, pyrimidines, flavins, porphyrins, etc. has been dealt with by Dryhurst ( ), but the work has been centered more on mechanistic analysis than preparative experiments. 

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