Electroorganic chemistry

Electrolyte. The ideal electrolyte, ie, the fluid part of the cell, for organic synthesis would give high solubiHty to the organic, possess good conductivity, have low cost, contain easy recovery and purification, and be noncorrosive. Quaternary ammonium salts provide many of the above criteria ia aqueous systems. A coacise compilation of solveats and salts used ia electroorganic chemistry is available (40). 

T. Shono, Electroorganic Chemistry as a Neu> Tool in Organic Synthesis, Springer-Vedag, New York, 1984. 

Silicon is no longer an exotic element in electroorganic chemistry. The electrochemical behaviour of organosilicon compounds is easily understood, because the following concepts help us to appreciate their unique properties. 

It is hoped that the examples and the accompanying mechanistic discussions of electrochemical reactions of organosilicon compounds shown in this review will provide a guide to the potential utility of such reactions in organic synthesis and to the development of new electroorganic chemistry based on the unique properties of silicon. 

This review article summarizes the broad area of electroorganic synthesis, (selected electroorganic synthetic reactions, with a special emphasis on those that have been commercialized or investigated in pilot plants) and selected applications of electrochemical techniques for waste-water and effluent treatment. There are a number of modern textbooks and updated reviews [4-53] of electroorganic chemistry that include much more detail on organic reactions and their mechanisms than it is appropriate to discuss here. 

Shono T (1984) Electroorganic chemistry as a tool in organic chemistry, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York... 

Danly DE (1981) Scale-up of electro-organic processes, Lecture notes, UCLA short course in electroorganic chemistry/through ref (32)... 

There are a large number of methods (often also called electroanalytical methods) for such studies of which only the most important ones can be covered in this chapter. Moreover, technical details of the methods caimot be described, and emphasis will be placed on their use in mechanistic electroorganic chemistry. 

Organic Mediators Organic mediators are very useful in electroorganic chemistry since their structural modification may increase the selectivity of the oxidation. The first organic mediator exploited for oxidation in synthesis was thio-anisole. Since then, there appeared a variety of other organic mediators such as tris-arylamines, tetramethylpiperidinyl-1 -oxy (TEMPO), and Ai-hydroxyphthalimides (NHPIs). 

H. Putter in Industrial Electroorganic Chemistry in Organic Electrochemistry (Eds. H. Lund, O. Hammerich), Marcel Dekker, New York, 2001, Chap. 31, pp. 1259-1307, pp. 1286-1291. 

This review describes electrochemical reactions of hydroxylamines, oximes and hydroxamic acids. In addition, utilization of hydroxylamines and hydroxamic acids as redox mediators are shown. Since the electroorganic chemistry of hydroxylamines, oximes and hydroxamic acids is rather a minor area in the electrochemistry of organic compounds, the reader is advised to refer to texts which are written for organic chemists unfamiliar with the electroorganic chemistry. 

Shorn) Malsumura Onomura Yamada Synthesis 1987, 1099 Ginzcl Steckhan Tetrahedron 1987, 43. 5797. Ross Finkelslein Rudd J. Org. Chem. 1972,37, 2387. See also Moeller Tarazi Marzabadi Tetrahedron Lett. 1989,30, 1213 Shono Malsumura Tsubata Org. Synth. VII, 307. For a table of compounds subjected to this reaction, sec Shono Electroorganic Chemistry as a New Tool in Organic Synthesis-. Springer New York, 1984. pp. 63-66. 

See Shono Electroorganic Chemistry as a New Tool in Organic Synthesis. Springer New York, 1984, pp. 145-147 Fry Synthetic Organic Electrochemistry. 2nd ed. Wiley New York, 1989, pp. 151-154. 

Recently there has been a marked progress of electroorganic chemistry in the Field of electrochemical transformations of naturally occurring biomolecules43). Inevitably, the recent matter of concern is directed towards the elucidation of the synthetic potentiality of electroorganic reactions to specific groups of biomolecules. The following is intended to-clarify the role of electrochemistry in the terpenoid Field. 

It is hoped that the contributions to this volume will fruitfully influence the further development of electroorganic chemistry and initiate a growing interest in the application of electrosynthetic methods. 

The wide range of activities in electroorganic chemistry is reflected in a large number of reviews and textbooks. Synthetic and experimental aspects are stressed in the older literature, of which the textbooks by Fichter 4 Brockmann and Allen6- are outstanding examples as well as the exhaustive reviews written by Swann and Meites 8. Of more recent origin is a review on the cathodic reduc-... 

Needless to say, electrolytic methods should also be considered if no chemical procedure for the preparation of a desired compound exists. Even a superficial knowledge of the principles of electroorganic chemistry, to be outlined in this book, is enough for attacking a synthetic problem from a different perspective. 

Hranilovic, J., Koruncev, D., Gustak, E. Electrochem. Tech, 6, 62 (1968) a Lund, H. Extended Abstracts, Symposium on the Synthetic and Mechanistic Aspects of Electroorganic Chemistry, U.S. Army Research Office, Durham, N.C.,... 

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