Pituitary gland hormones produced

Human Growth Hormone (GH) has been a subject of debate since I was a kid. Natural (endogenous) GH is produced by the pituitary gland. Children produce 2 i.u. "spurts" 4-7 times per day for 4-5 non-consecutive days during a 2-3 week period (during growth spurts). That would equal 32-70 i.u. in only a 4-5 day span. A healthy adult s pituitary releases only 0.5-1.5 i.u. daily. 

When this implant is placed under the skin of an animal, estradiol is released and enters into systemic circulation. This stimulates the animal s pituitary gland to produce more growth hormone and causes the animal to gain weight at a greater rate. At the end of the growing period, the implant can be easily removed to allow a withdrawal period before slaughter. 

Cushing s syndrome (hypercorticism) is an endocrine hormone disorder caused by high levels of cortisol in the blood. Cushing s disease refers to one specific cause, a non-cancerous tumour (adenoma) in the pituitary gland that produces a large amount of ACTH, which in turn elevates cortisol. It can usually be cured by surgery. 

Secondary hypogonadism—Failure of hypothalamus or pituitary gland to produce adequate amount of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) or luteinizing hormone (LH). Thus, testicular production of testosterone is reduced. 

Desmopressin is a form of vasopressin, the antidiuretic hormone, but production of the hormone is not in question in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus the pituitary gland is producing the hormone. The problem is that the kidneys are unable to respond to it. 

Thyroid autonomy appears as a solitary toxic nodule or toxic multinodular goitre. In toxic thyroid, the nodule s synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones is autonomous from the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is produced in the pituitary gland. Accordingly TSH is suppressed and the extranodular thyroid tissue is functionally downregulated. Thyroid autonomy occurs frequently in iodine-deficient countries, whereas it is much less common in iodine-sufficient areas. Constitu-tively activating mutations in the TSH receptor and in the Gs a protein are the major molecular aetiology of toxic thyroid nodules. 

List the hormones produced by the pituitary gland and the adrenal cortex. 

There may be a decreased resistance and inability to The posterior pituitary gland produces two hormones localize infection. The nurse observes the skin daily for vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin (see localized signs of infection, especially at injection sites Chap. 53). Posterior pituitary hormones are summarized or IV access sites. Visitors are monitored to protect the in the Summary Drag Table Anterior and Posterior patient against those witii infectious illness. Pituitary Hormones. 

Adrenal hormone production is controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is secreted by the hypothalamus and stimulates secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), also known as corticotropin from the anterior pituitary. ACTH, in turn, stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol. When sufficient or excessive cortisol levels are reached, a negative feedback is exerted on the secretion of CRH and ACTH, thereby decreasing overall cortisol production. The control of adrenal androgen synthesis also follows a similar negative-feedback mechanism. 

A trophic hormone acts on another endocrine gland to stimulate secretion of its hormone. For example, thyrotropin, or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormones. Adrenocorticotropin, or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete the hormone cortisol. Both trophic hormones are produced by the pituitary gland in fact, many trophic hormones are secreted by the pituitary. The pituitary gland is sometimes referred to as the "master gland" because its hormones regulate the activity of other endocrine glands. 

Figure 3.2 The pituitary gland is a pea size gland located at the base of the human brain. The pituitary gland has two rounded projections or lobes. Cells of the anterior lobe produce growth hormone and five other protein hormones involved in regulating various body functions, when stimulated by specific signals from the hypothalamus. The optic chiasma is where the optic nerves from each eye cross before entering the brain.

---