Pitch bond

Converter refractory linings of satisfactory performance properties are made of materials based on periclase (from purified or synthetic MgO), magnesite, as well as dolomite with a low Si02 and Fe203 content. Pitch bonded bricks are made from all these types of burned materials by forming the mixes at elevated temperatures when the pitch is liquid. A more uniform distribution of pitch in the pores of pressed bricks can be attained by subsequent tempering at 250 to 300 °C. These products are applied in the unfired state. 

Ramak. [Ntxth Am. Refractories] Pitch bonded alumina silicon carbide idastics and ram mixes. 

Pitch-bonded Refractory. See tar-bonded refractory. Pitch-impregnated Refractory. See tar impregnated refractory. 

Union Carbide Corp. (UCC) developed AFCs for terrestrial mobile applications starting in the late 1950s, lasting until the early 1970s. UCC systems used liquid caustic electrolytes the electrodes were either pitch-bonded carbon plates or plastic-bonded carbon electrodes with a nickel current collector. UCC also built fuel cell systems for the U.S. Army and the U.S. Navy, an alkaline direct hydrazine powered motorcycle, and the Electrovan of General Motors. Finally, Professor Karl V. Kordesch built his Austin A-40 car, fitted with UCC fuel cells with lead acid batteries as hybrid. It was demonstrated on public roads for three years. The years of research and development are very well summarized in reference (5) Brennstofflyatterien. 

Resin-bonded brick are processed to temperatures in the range of 135°C to cure the resin bonds. Pitch-bonded brick have to be heated to 290°C to develop appropriate green strength, primarily in the brick s outer areas, in order to be handled during shipment and installation without breaking. 

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