Pipe stress work process

EXHIBIT 16-1 Pipe Stress Work Process Flow Diagram... 

In the event that the nozzle loads stiU result in excessive shell stresses after the iterative work process is conducted, the loadings may be reduced by recalculating the piping loads utilizing the vessel spring rate . Often times the loads determined using the vessel spring rate will be much... 

There are many steps in understanding how to lay out a plant with minimal piping stress revisions. The first step is to understand the work process on a project. 

By virtue of its chemical and thermal resistances, borosilicate glass has superior resistance to thermal stresses and shocks, and is used in the manufacture of a variety of items for process plants. Examples are pipe up to 60 cm in diameter and 300 cm long with wall tliicknesses of 2-10 mm, pipe fittings, valves, distillation column sections, spherical and cylindrical vessels up 400-liter capacity, centrifugal pumps with capacities up to 20,000 liters/hr, tubular heat exchangers with heat transfer areas up to 8 m, maximum working pressure up to 275 kN/m, and heat transfer coefficients of 270 kcal/hz/m C [48,49]. 

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