Pilocarpine hydrochloride

The semi-interpenetrating polymeric networks obtained by the radical-induced polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide in the presence of chitosan using tetraethyleneglycoldiacrylate as the cross-linker were used as controlled release vehicles for pilocarpine hydrochloride [294]. 

FIG. 6 Typical cyclic voltammogram obtained for the transfer of pilocarpine hydrochloride at the water-DCE interface. The organic phase contains 0.01 M tetrabutylammonium tetrakis(4-chloro-phenyl)borate, the aqueous solution is 0.01 M HCl + 0.2 mM pilocarpine hydrochloride, and the sweep rate is fixed at 10, 25, 75, 100, and 150mV/s. (Reprinted from Ref. 229.)... 

Calculate the dissociation factor of pilocarpine hydrochloride dissociating 80% (2 ions) in a certain concentration. 

Tegtmeyer S, Papantoniou I, Miiller-Goymann CC. Reconstruction of an in vitro cornea and its use for drug permeation studies from different formulations containing pilocarpine hydrochloride. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 51 119-125 (2001). 

Multiple emulsions have been used to deliver active agents with prolonged release in dermatological treatments. For example, O/W/O emulsions have been used to deliver pilocarpine hydrochloride as a myopic agent in eye infections [440]. Here the active agents was placed in the internal oil phase of the O/W/O emulsion to provide an appropriate rate of release. Similar approaches have been used in other treatments, using W/O/W emulsions [440]. 

Common Name Pilocarpine hydrochloride Pilokarpin hydrochloride... 

K. D. Sternitzki, T. Y. Fan, and D. L. Dunn, High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of pilocarpine hydrochloride and its degradation products using a /3-cyclodextrin column, J. Chromatogr., 589 159 (1992). 

Emulsions have been used for centuries for the oral administration of medical oils and vitamins and as dermatological vehicles. Recently, their application has been extended as drug carriers in the delivery and targeting of ophthalmic drags. An indomethacin emulsion has been reported to increase ocular bioavailability and efficacy compared to commercially available formulation in rabbits. 0.4% indomethacin emulsion showed 2.2 fold increase in the area under the anterior aqueous drag concentration/time curve compared to a 1% indomethacin suspension. The emulsion formulation also reduced ocular surface irritation caused by indomethacin Similar advantages have been shown for a pilocarpine emulsion which produced a prolonged therapeutic effect in comparison with pilocarpine hydrochloride eyedrops in man. It can be administered only twice a day, rather than four times daily for conventional formulation. 

Miyazaki, S., Suzuki, S., Kawasaki, N., Endo, K.,Takahashi, A., and Attwood, D. (2001), In situ gelling xyloglucan formulations for sustained release ocular dehvery of pilocarpine hydrochloride, Int. J. Pharm., 229(1-2), 29-36. 

Metapilocarpine was first reported by Pinner he obtained it by heating pilocarpine hydrochloride at 225-235°C (118). Polonovski proposed a betaine structure (58) for the compound (119). On reinvestigation, metapilocarpine was shown to be a racemic mixture of isopilocarpine (120). The structure was proved by spectral analysis and by GLC comparison with authentic isopilocarpine. The pharmacological activity of the racemic product was compared to that of (+)-pilocarpine and (+)-isopilocarpine (120). 

Parasympathomimetics such as physostigmine sulfate increase the level of acetylcholine, which contracts the ciliary muscle and opens the fluid pathway which leads to reduction in IOP. They are usually used with pilocarpine hydrochloride or pilocarpine nitrate, which acts on cholinoceptors. Parasympathomimetics cause poor night vision because of miosis. 

Drug treatment involves use of /3-adrenergic antagonists, sympathomimetic agents, parasympathomimetics in conjunction with pilocarpine hydrochloride or pilocarpine, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors or prostaglandin-related drugs. 

SYNS ALMOCARPINE AMI-PILO AMISTURA P ISOPTO-CARPINE MI-PILO OPHTH SOL PILOCARPINE HYDROCHLORIDE PILOCARPINE MURIATE PILOCEL PILOMIOTIN PILOVISC... 

Janssen and Nlemegeers (280), on the basis of tests with prophylactic administration of benzetlmlde to rats given pilocarpine hydrochloride Intravenously at 80 mg/kg, concluded chat benzetlmlde had sufficient action on the central nervous system to Justify its consideration as a theraupeutlc agent In parkinsonism. They considered also that It was one of only three compounds. In a total of 23 anticholinergic substances examined, that were able at submydrlatlc doses to prevent lacrlmatlon and salivation Induced by pilocarpine. 

---