Pillow test

The performance of the selected fabric with respect to its infill and site-specific conditions can be assessed or predicted on the basis of simulated large-scale testing. Insofar as testing is concerned there are several options, but two seem to be most common. They are the hanging bag test and the pillow test. Both are standardized and the subject of a published article see Koemer and Koemer (2009), from which the following is taken. 

The alternative pillow test was originated by Tom Stephens of Ten Cate in about 2005 (Ten Cate Geosynthetics, Inc., 2007) and formalized as a standard in 2009 (GRTGT15). The only related references in the open literature are the work of Professor Bhatia and her students at Syracuse University, who developed and conducted research on a similar test which they called the pressure filtration test (Bhatia and Liao, 2004 Satyamurthy et al., 2008, 2009). Hydraulic pressures were measured and quantitative data were produced but the laboratory configuration was different from the field-simulated pillow test, which is described subsequently. 

The pillow test per GRI-GT15 uses the candidate fabric prefabricated into the shape of a pillow from which a flanged connector and a calibrated vertical standpipe are attached. The fabric enclosure is small and the amount of slurry needed per test is much less than with the hanging bag test. More important, the hydraulic head (converted to inlet pressure) can be monitored over time, resulting in a quantitative assessment of the system including the specific effects of the fabric, slurry, and its additives. A pillow test in progress is shown in Fig. 21.3. 

Figure 21.3 Pillow test using fine-grained silty clay slurry (authors), (a) Bottom and top of pillow, (b) Complete test setup, (c) Incremental slurry position within column, (d) Effluent escaping the pillow.

To quantify the effect of adding a flocculant to a slurry of inorganic sUty clay soil (in this case a clay of low plasticity with a CL-designation), the pillow test method was... 

GRI-GT15, 2009. Standard Test Method for Pillow Test for Field Assessment of Fabrics/ Additives Used for Geotextile Bags, Containers and Tubes. Geosynthetic Institute, Folsom, Pennsylvania, USA. 

The UK National Bedding Federation introduced a voluntary code which required its members only to manufacture mattresses which resisted a smouldering cigarette on its own and when covered by an insulating, non-combustible fibre pad (17). This test is now defined within BS 6807(8) while BS 7175(18) refers to bedding and pillows. 

Note 2 Pillows and cushions with primary covers and "solid" or loose" fillings and tested as composites. See Table VIII. 

FLAME IGNITION TEST FOR PILLOWS AND CUSHIONS WITH SOLID FILLINGS. This is carried out using ignition to BS 5852 Part 2, Source 2. Cushions are additionally covered with the specified FR polyester fabric (Table VII). 

BS 7175 Methods of Test for the Ignitability of Bed Covers and Pillows by Smouldering and Flaming Ignition Sources. BSI, London. 

In 1971 my internist told me about Dr. Randolph and his environmental unit, where I would be fasted for about four days and then tested for foods and chemicals. I couldn t face going into the unit because I knew that whenever I missed even one meal, I would get a headache so terrible that my head would hurt even on the softest pillow. Later I learned that this was because I was missing my fix —my morning milk and other foods I was dependent on or... 

As Mr. Gallop came into Nino s office, Nino was taking the Super Pillow out of a large case. "Here, Mr. Gallop, put the pillow on my desk and sit down. Then put your head down on the pillow and tell me what you think. Mr. Gallop sat down and put his head on the Super Pillow. As Nino searched for some test results, he couldn t wait any longer. 

Patch tests with lavender oil from 1990 to 1998 in Japan were positive in 3.7% of cases (6). In five of 11 positive cases in 1997 and eight of 15 positive cases in 1998, the patients had used dried lavender flowers in pillows, drawers, cabinets, or rooms. 

BS 4578 1970 Methods of test for Hardness of, and Air flow Through, Infants Pillows, including Amendment 1, March 1972, 11 pp... 

Figure 382. Reinforced filter dust briquettes.(a) Cylindrical test briquettes and fracture surface, (b) commercial pillow-shaped briquettes...

As mentioned at the beginning of this chapter, uniform testing procedures provide the methods used to control the quality of down and feather products. By using standardized terms to reflect the quality of down and feather products on the product label, the consumer can be confident that a pillow labeled 100% goose down, is what it is claimed to be. In Europe, for instance, the Emopean Norm (EN) is standard. In reference to product labeling, the following norms are applied ... 

Clozapine +/- ++ +++ + Blocks D2c and 5HT2 receptors, no EP dysfunction or TDs, agranulocytosis—req t for weekly blood test, wet pillow syndrome... 

Clozapine +/- ++ + +++ Blocks Dj and SHT receptors No TD 1 Agranulocytosis—(weekly WBC count) requirement for weekly blood test, weight gain Increased salivation ( wet pillow 1 syndrome) Seizures [... 

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