Picoplanktonic cyanobacteria

Wyman, M. (1999). Diel rhythms in ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and glutamine synthetase gene expression in a natural population of marine picoplanktonic cyanobacteria Syne-chococais spp.). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65, 3651—3659. 

Along depositional strike from the shallow-water reefs, in quiet backwaters between delta distributaries, microbial mat communities exploited the niche between relatively oxidized waters and reducing organic-rich muds, which included debris from local microbes, and, if present, picoplanktonic cyanobacteria and possibly magnetotactic bacteria. Oxygen release from cyanobacterial photosynthesis would have provided oxidation power in the water above the sulphur bacteria mats. 

Picoplankton 0.2 to 2.0jjum Proteobacteria Cyanobacteria Pelagibacter, Roseobacter Prochlorococcus, Synechocco-cus, Trichodesmium... 

Oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria include the nitrogen fixer Trtchodesmtum and the cyanobacteria Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus. The latter represent a major fraction of the microbial biomass in the ocean and are probably the most abimdant primary producers in the ocean. They were not discovered until the late 1980s, probably because of their small size as they are members of the picoplankton. These cyanobacteria are photosynthetic. They use bacteriochlorophyll a and plastocyanin, a blue Cu-based pigment, for light harvesting. 

Algal sources are ice algae, diatoms, cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates, and picoplankton petroleum sources include eroded bitumens, oil seeps, etc. 

After the first appearance of cyanobacteria, presumably in microbial mats, the arrival of unicellular cyanobacterial plankton must surely have been rapid. In the modern warm tropical and subtropical oceans, cyanobacterial picoplankton are ubiquitous (Capone et al. 1997), supporting complex microbial consortia, and in the Archaean they could have formed the upper 100 m layer of an open ocean biological community, which may have had great diversity (Karl 2002). Archaeal plankton would have been out-competed for occupancy of the topmost levels, but could have occupied a now more productive underlying lower layer, 100-300 m thick, dependent on the redox debris (including dissolved chemical species) from the overlying oxygenic photosynthesizers. The immediate results. 

Moreover, by implication, if coastal cyanobacteria existed 2.7 Ga ago, a very probable speculation is that cyanobacterial picoplankton would also have evolved (see descent trees of Woese 1987 Pace 1997). They were probably abundant at shallow photic levels in open water, although not preserved in the record. 

Ohlendieck, U., Stuhr, A., Siegmund, H., 2000. Nitrogen fixation by diazotrophic cyanobacteria in the Baltic and transfer of the newly fixed nitrogen for picoplankton organisms. Journal of Marine Systems, 25, 213-219. 

CYANOBACTERIA/ Cyanophyta/ Cyanophyceae Cyanobacteria PA blue-green algae , mostly contain phycobiliprotein filiamentous or otherwise colonial Oscillatoriales and heterocystous Nostocales include N-fixers picoplanktonic members in Chroococcales and Chloroxybacteria (without phycobiliprotein) Trichodesmium, Synechococcus, Prochlorococcus... 

Cyanobacteria - picoplanktonic, phycobiliprotein A 50 - 1 ++ small size, good nutrient uptake... 

Carr, N.G. and Wyman, M. (1986) Cyanobacteria their biology in relation to oceanic picoplankton. Photosynthetic picoplankton, in Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 214 (eds T. Platt and W.K.W. Li), pp. 159-204. 

Frazao, B., Martins, R., and Vasconcelos, V. (2010) Are known cyanotoxins involved in the toxicity of picoplanktonic and filamentous North Atlantic marine cyanobacteria Mar. Drugs, 8, 1908-1919. 

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