Physostigmine mixtures

Physovenine, Cl4Hig03N2, was obtained by Salway from the mother liquors left after the separation of eseramine. It crystallises from a mixture of benzene and light petroleum in small, colourless prisms, m.p. 123°. Its salts are dissociated by water. With barium hydroxide physovenine liberates carbon dioxide and assumes a deep red colour, and, owing to the similarity of this behaviour with that of physostigmine, Salway suggested that physovenine may be an intermediate product in the formation of eseroline from physostigmine. 

Hydroxybenzoate preservatives inactivate atropine sulfate in physical mixtures. Atropine can be used for treating acetylcholine poisoning. Organophosphorous pesticides are treated by use of diazepam, phenothiazines, and physostigmine.149... 

Concentrated HsSOi forms a yellow solution with physostigmin or its salts, which soon turns olive-green. Concentrated HNOs forms with it a yellow solution. If a solution of the alkaloid in HaSO) bo neutralized with NH4HO, and the mixture warmed, it is gradually colored red, reddish-yellow, green, and blue. 

The time to death of animals given a mixture of spirolides was increased after pretreatment with physostigmine [46]. Conversely, the time to death was decreased when atropine or other acetylcholine antagonists were given before administration of spirolide [46]. 

In the course of work on the tricyclic system of physostigmine, Hoshino and Kobayashi started with 5-ethoxyindolyl- -ethylamine, which was treated with magnesium ethyl iodide and the product heated with methyl iodide in benzene. From the resulting mixture a supposed dl-dinoreserethole (XXVIII) was isolated. It had m.p. 35-9°, b.p, 145-150°/ 1 mm. gave a picrate, m.p. 170-1°, and on treatment with methyl iodide was presumed to yield dl- noreserethole hydriodide and dZ-methylesere-thole, m.p. 80-1°, b.p. l84-5°/4 mm., which gave a methopicrate. 

---