Physical Properties of Ammonia

The following table, Table 6.2, liste many of the important properties of ammonia. Table 6.3 contains the densities of aqueous ammonia at 15° Celsius. Ammonia has flammable limits of 16%-25% by volume in the air and 159fx 79% in oxygen 14). Ammonia-air mixtures are not easily ignited since the ignition temperature is 650° Celsius. The mixture can explode if ignited. Ammonia 

Molecular Properties. Corresponding to its nuclear charge number, the nitrogen atom possesses seven shell electrons. One electron pair in in the ground state 1 s(K shell), and five electrons are distributed over the four orbitals with the principal quantum number 2 (L shell). Of these, one electron pair occupies the 2 s level and three unpaired electrons, respectively, a half of the remaining three levels, 2 px, 2 pv, 2 pz. The unpaired electrons can enter into electron-pair bonds with the 1 s electron of three hydrogen atoms. Thus, the three half occupied orbitals of the L shell become about fully accupied (formation of an octet of the neon type in accordance with the octet theory of Lewis-Langmuir). 

As the ammonia molecule possesses the same electron configuration as water (isoster-ism) and similar bond angles (water vapor bond angle 105 °, dipole moment 1.84 D), ammonia and water behave similarly in many reactions. Ammonia and water are diamagnetic. The dielectric constant of liquid ammonia is about 15 and greater than those of the most condensed gases therefore, liquid ammonia has a considerable ability to dissolve many substances. The ammonia molecule, with its free electron pair, can combine with a proton. 

In the resulting ammonium ion, the nitrogen atom is situated in the middle of a 

Physical Data. The results of comprehensive investigations of the physical properties of ammonia have been published in [30] and [31], Both papers provide numerous equations for physical properties derived from published data, the laws of thermodynamics, and statistical evaluation. These equations are supplemented by lists and tables of thermodynamic quantities and an extensive collection of literature references. 

Moreover, data an physical properties and the comples systems important in synthesis may be found in [32]-[35], and of course, in the well-known tabulations Landolt-Bornstein [36] and Handbuch der Kaltetecknik [37], among others. The most important physical data are compiled in Table 1. 

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Among the physical properties of ammonia the outstanding features are its solubility in water, its absorption by charcoal, and its liquefaction. 

Making ammonia in the laboratory Physical properties of ammonia Chemical properties of ammonia... 

Don t become confused by memorizing too much detail about the physical properties of ammonia and amines. For the MCAT, just Keep in mind that ammonia and amines hydrogen bond, which raises boiling point and increases solubility. 

Some of the physical properties of ammonia are listed in Table 8.1 and Table 8.2. 

Some physical properties of ammonia and densities of aqueous solutions of ammonia are given in Tables 22.5 and 22.6, respectively. 

Physical properties of ammonia at the mean temperature of 80°C specific heat 2.418 kJkg °C, thermal conductivity 0.0317 Wm °C, density... 

The physical and chemical properties of ammonia are presented in Table 4-2. Also included are some chemical and physical properties of ammonia in solution. Ammonia in solution is widely available, and it is often referred to as ammonium hydroxide and has been also historically referred to as spirit of hartshorn (Windholz 1983). 

Write down three physical properties of ammonia. 

Comparing the physical properties of ammonia to those of water yields some insights into its possible comparative advantages and disadvantages [51]. Ammonia is about four times less viscous than water and so molecules diffuse through it more efficiently with implications for chemical reactions. However, ammonia has a lower heat of vaporisation than water and so is less able to accommodate temperature fiuctuations. Perhaps the greatest difference with water is that ammonia has a smaller range of temperature in which it remains liquid. 

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