Phylogenetically related

Kolb S, S Seeliger, N Springer, W Ludwig, B Schink (1998) The fermenting bacterium Malonomonas rubra is phylogenetically related to sulfur-reducing bacteria and contains a c-type cytochrome similar to those of sulfur and sulfate reducers. SystAppl Microbiol 21 340-345. 

In contrast to the analogous oleosins, which are phylogenetically related and share a common ancestor, phasins are functionally but not phylogenetically related [154]. For the binding of the phasins to the PHA granules different models... 

Cherkov, V.M. and Borchsenius, S.N. (1989). The determination of Phylogenetic relations between Pacific salmon species of genus Oncorhynchus by the method of DNA molecular hybridisation (in Russian). Biologiya morya 1989 (2), 23-29. 

In summary, the biosynthesis of rhizobial LA consists of conserved steps found in numerous Gram-negative bacteria that involve the synthesis of Kd02lipid-IVA from UDP-GlcNAc. This is followed by the addition of a unique VLCFA as a secondary fatty acyl residue which is found in all members of the Rhizobiales (except for A. caulinodans) as well as in certain intracellular pathogens that form chronic disease, some of which are phylogenetically related to rhizobia. After Kd02lipid-IVA synthesis, there are unique enzymes in different rhizobial species that processes this precursor into the unique rhizobial LA. 

Thermoplasma acidophilum and Thermoplasma volcanium are facultative organo-trophs [47], and are phylogenetically related to the halophiles. When growing aerobically. 

An ATP-independent DNA topoisomerase activity has also been described in crude extracts of archaebacteria lacking reverse gyrase activity [91] (Fig. 7) and has been partially purified from T. acidophilum [90]. This enzyme specifically relaxes negatively supercoiled DNA and could be phylogenetically related either to reverse gyrase and/or to the DNA topoisomerase III of D. amylolyticus. 

But are all recognised speoies always individuals I don t think so. If we simplify the concepts to natural species are individuals and artificial species are classes, then we nay end up in a flora with a mixture of natural and artificially delimited species, and we cannot tall the difference Because of the limitations of the auseua-and herbarium-methods, we cannot know all aspects. And this has the consequence that we still don t know whether all recognized species are true species. My sceptical colleague was partly right. The conclusion should be that characters do not provide 100% certainty as reliable toole to find natural (i.e. phylogenetic) relations. 

Plants of the family Amaryllidaceae are pererrrrial or bierrrrial herbs with subterranean bulbs contairring thick, fleshy bulb scales or without a typical bulb but a rhizome as in Scadoxus and Clivia. The Amaryllidaceae are widely distributed. They are richly represented in the tropics and have pronounced centres in South Africa and to a lesser extent in Andean South America. Other groups have their centre in the Mediterranean. Groups of phylogenetically related genera often have a particular geographic concentration (i). 

Phycobiliproteins are water-soluble, slightly acidic with apl 5, and stable over a wide range of pH, from 5 to 9. All biliproteins are functionally and phylogenetically related, the different phycobiliproteins being thought to have descended from a common ancestor gene by gene duplication and subsequent mutations. 

Nevertheless, traditional classification schemes probably are the more serious constraint. Available phenotypic criteria often obscure diversity or miss specific relationships. Comparative sequencing of the ribosomal RNAs now provides the criteria necessary to explicitly characterize microorganisms and phylogenetically relate them. The ribosomal RNAs therefore offer the means to assess extant microbial... 

The next example illustrates how functional occurrence profiles can be used for comparing phylogenetically related organisms. In the example shown in Fig. 4,... 

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