Phylogenetically related relationship

Nevertheless, traditional classification schemes probably are the more serious constraint. Available phenotypic criteria often obscure diversity or miss specific relationships. Comparative sequencing of the ribosomal RNAs now provides the criteria necessary to explicitly characterize microorganisms and phylogenetically relate them. The ribosomal RNAs therefore offer the means to assess extant microbial... 

Two phenylalanine hydroxylases have been described, one containing iron and one containing copper. Both are phylogenetically related to the group of enzymes which hydroxylate aromatic amino acids, including tryptophane and tyrosine hydroxylase [187]. No phylogenetic relationship could be constructed to other proteins [183-186,327]. 

The great diversity of parasitoids and the complexity of parasitoid-host relationships is probably influenced by attempts of potential host insects to escape their predators, parasites and parasitoids. There is considerable speculation on the role that parasites (parasitoids) play in herbivore evolution. There are many examples where a host on different plants is attacked by different parasitoid species (see Vinson, 1981). As discussed by Zwolfer and Kraus (1957), and Vinson (1981), plants play an important role in the host selection process, probably by providing cues to the location of a potential host community. Theoretically, a host could escape a particular parasitoid by attacking a plant lacking those stimuli used by the parasitoid to locate the potential host community. This idea is supported by the observation that there is less tendency for parasitoids to select phylogenetically related hosts than to favor a range of hosts on a particular plant (Askew and Shaw, 1978 Cross and Chesnut, 1971). 

Figure 1 shows the phylogenetic relationship of the mitochondrial and bacterial Rieske proteins. Plant mitochondrial Rieske proteins form a separate cluster, whereas bacterial Rieske proteins are more closely related to Rieske proteins from fungi or mammals, although the subunit composition and organization of the bci complex is compa-... 

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationship of strain BMEL-2 and related taxa, based on D1/D2 region sequence of the large-subunit rDNA. Bar, 0.01 nucleotide substitution per position.

Matsubayashi, M. (1991). Phylogenetic relationships in the potato and its related species. In T. Tsuchiya, P. K. Gupta (Eds.), Chromosome Engineering in Plants Genetics, Breeding and Evolution, Part B (pp. 93-118). Elsevier, Amsterdam. 

Kostadinova, A., Herniou, E.A., Barrett, J. and Littlewood, D.T.J. (2003) Phylogenetic relationships of Echinostoma Rudolphi, 1809 (Digenea Echinostomatidae) and related genera re-assessed via DNA and morphological analyses. Systematic Parasitology 54, 1 59-1 76. 

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