Phylogenetic ancestor

In contrast to the analogous oleosins, which are phylogenetically related and share a common ancestor, phasins are functionally but not phylogenetically related [154]. For the binding of the phasins to the PHA granules different models... 

A phylogenetic analysis of H4MPT-dependent enzymes reveals distinct archaeal and bacterial branches of the tree that are clearly related however, the results still do not resolve whether a common ancestor contained H4MPT-dependent enzymes or the methylotrophs acquired genes from the Archaea domain. Nonetheless, analysis of the genomic sequences from the Bacteria domain indicate that only the methylotrophic proteobacteria harbor HiMPT-dependent enzymes are consistent with lateral transfer from archaeal donors (Vorholt et al. 1999). 

Baross JA. 1998. Do the geological and geochemical records of the early Earth support the prediction from global phylogenetic models of a thermophilic ancestor In Wiegel J, Adams M, editors. Thermophiles the keys to molecular evolution and the origin of life London Taylor Francis, pp. 13-18. 

The universal phylogenetic tree, therefore, is not an organismal tree at its base but gradually becomes one as its peripheral branchings emerge. The Universal Ancestor is not a distinct entity. It is, rather, a diverse community of cells that survives and evolves as... 

The AAHs are functionally and structurally similar, which is reflected in a high sequence similarity (Fig. 1). Phylogenetic and functional analyses place a protozoan PAH close to the ancestor sequence of the AAHs, thus aiding to define the evolutionary history of this enzyme family (10). While bacterial PAH is monomeric, the mammalian AAHs are tetrameric enzymes that consist of three domains an N-terminal regulatory ACT domain, a central catalytic domain that includes a non-heme iron at the active... 

There exists a rather broad agreement that the anaerobic ciliates evolved secondarily from aerobic ancestors since several ciliate taxa comprise both aerobic and anaerobic species. Phylogenetic studies indicate that hydrogenosomes have arisen independently at least three to four times in ciliates (Fig. 1 Clarke et al. 1993 Embley and Finlay 1994 Embley et al. 1995, 2003 Fenchel and Finlay 1995 Hirt et al. 1998 Hackstein et al. 2001,2002). The existence in... 

The machinery mediating this process was shown to be of an ISC type. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the mitochondrial ISC machinery was inherited from the proteobacterial endosymbiont, which is consistent with the proposed origin of mitochondria (Tachezy et al. 2001). Components of the SUF system were found in plastids and in the apicoplast of apicomplexan such as P. falciparum (Wilson et al. 2003). The SUF machinery was most likely inherited from cyanobacteria, the ancestors of plastids (Tachezy et al. 2001). Entamoebids and related protists are the only eukaryotes which acquired components of the NIF system ( et al. 2004 van der Giezen et al. 

Indeed, homologous regions of all of the a-actinin protein domains can be found within the sequences of a- and /3-spectrin. For example, the amino and carboxy terminal regions of a-actinin resemble the N-terminus of /3-spectrin and the C-terminus of a-spectrin, respectively (Byers et al, 1989 Dubreuil et al, 1989). Phylogenetic analysis shows a common ancestor for the first repeat of a-actinin and the first repeat of /3-spectrin. Similarly, each of the remaining repeats in a-actinin (2—4) correspond to repeats 1 and 2 of /3-spectrin and repeats 19 and 20 of a-spectrin respectively (Fig. 2). This may have relevance for the function of these repeats in the dimerization of these proteins (Pascual et al, 1997). It is the similarity between these regions of a-actinin, the spectrins, and the simpler domain organization of a-actinin that have led to the hypothesis that these two protein families have evolved from an a-actinin-like precursor. 

The spectrin superfamily is a group of cytoskeletal proteins that have been found to perform a variety of cellular functions. The role of each protein and their interactions within the cellular environment stem from the specific domains found within each protein and the manner in which they are organized. Each of the family members is formed from discrete modular domains that have the ability to interact or modulate specific interactions or impart physical abilities on the protein relevant to its function. The particular members of this protein family have been shown to be evolutionary related. a-Actinin is believed to be the ancestor of the whole group and, indeed, sequence and phylogenetic analysis has found this to be the case. It is astounding that from a simple precursor containing few domains such a family of functionally diverse proteins can be... 

In the still-valid taxonomic model, microorganisms can be classified into the three domains ofeubacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. The three domains branched off very early in evolution, united by a common ancestor the corresponding picture of the relationships between the domains and kingdoms is termed the universal phylogenetic tree . 

Phylogenetic tree construction is based on cladistics, the systematic classification of groups of organisms on the basis of shared characteristics thought to derive from a common ancestor. The basic assumptions of cladistics are ... 

Wallin IE (1927) Symbionticism and the origin of species. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore Watasd S (1893) On the nature of cell organization. Woods Hole Biol Lect 83-103 Wilson EB (1896) The cell in development and inheritance. Macmillan, New York Wilson EB (1925) The cell in development and heredity, 3rd edn. Macmillan, New York Woese CR (1977) Endosymbionts and mitochondrial origins. J Mol Evol 10 93-96 Woese CR (1998) The universal ancestor. Proc Natl Acad Sci 95 6854-6859 Woese CR, Fox GE (1977) Phylogenetic structure ofthe prokaryotic domain the primary kingdoms. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74 5088-5090... 

A sister relationship of the Rickettsiales group and mitochondria revealed in phylogenetic analysis of resident mitochondrial genes does not necessarily mean that their last common ancestor was an obligate endosymbiont. The order Rickettsiales comprises not only true rickettsiae, currently classified... 

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