Phthalic anhydride reactions

Phosphorus pentachloride, for conversion of pentaacetylgluconic add to add chloride, 41, 80 for oxidation of cycloheptatriene to tropylium fluoborate, 43, 101 with cyanoacetic acid, 41, 5 Phosphorus tribromide, reaction with 1.5-hexadien-3-ol, 41, 50 Phthalic anhydride, reaction with L-phenylalanine to yield N-phthalyl-L-phenylalanine, 40, 82 Phthalic monoperacid, 42, 77 N-Phthalyl-i.-alanine, 40, 84 N-Phthalyl-/3-alanine, 40, 84 N-Phthalylglycine, 40, 84 N-Phthalyl-l-/5-phenylalanine, 40, 82... 

Examples 9.1 and 9.2 used a distributed parameter model (simultaneous PDEs) for the phthalic anhydride reaction in a packed bed. Axial... 

Fischer 39 40> did not observe any effect of allyl alcohol on the copolymerization of allyl glycidyl ether with phthalic anhydride. Reaction rates were identical and indpendent of proton donor concentration. This finding indicates that the presence of... 

In a reaction similar to that of Ni(0) with phthalic anhydride [reaction (a)], when [Pt(COD)2] is treated with succinic anhydride in the presence of PCys, insertion of Pt(0) into one of the C—O bonds occurs to produce species of the type [Pt(COCH2CH2COO)(PCy3) ] (n = 1 or 2), from which the PCys ligand(s) may be displayed by dppe . Analogous reactions occur with [Ni(COD)2]. Oxidative addition of succinic anhydride to [Ni(COD)(bipy)] has been shown to occur by means of a second-order process . 

By using similar chemistry, aromatic polyester polyol structures are obtained by alkoxylation of the phthalic anhydride reaction product with glycerol (reaction 16.10). By the propoxylation of the reaction product of pyromellitic anhydride with DEG, tetrafunctional, highly viscous aromatic polyester polyols (16.11) are obtained. 

Figure 2. Modified glycerol-phthalic anhydride reactions.

Example 9.1 used a distributed-parameter-system of simultaneous PDEs for the phthalic anhydride reaction in a packed bed. Axial dispersion is a lumped-parameter system of simultaneous DDEs that can also be used for a packed bed. Apply the axial dispersion model to the phthalic reaction using D as determined from Figure 9.7 and = 1.33 D. Compare your results to those obtained in Example 9.1. 

Starting material for the industrial synthesis is phthalide, which may be obtained by hydrogenation of phthalic anhydride. Reaction with o-cresol leads to the corresponding carboxyUc acid, which is converted via its acid chloride into the acyl cyanide. A Pinner reaction and treatment with methoxyamine finally give kresoxim-methyl. [59]... 

Gelbein, A. P., Phthalic Anhydride Reaction System , U.S. Patent 4,261,899, assigned to Chem. Systems Inc., April 14, 1981. 

Fundamental studies on the glycerol-phthalic anhydride reaction were first made by Kienle [15] who found that the gel point occurs at about 78% esterification. 

Examination of a number of alkyds, with formulations typical of the range in common use, showed that the measured hydroxyl value corresponded to the theoretical figure only when the system had a functionality of two. In connection with the availability of the hydroxyl groups, Kienle et al. [211 could not explain the glycerol-phthalic anhydride reaction by simple second- or third-order equations, whereas in fatty acid-modified polyester Wekna and Klausch [22] and Berg-mann [23] claim second-order kinetics apply. 

It is observed that the flowrate of air is reduced by far more than 50% in the scaled-down case. This is because of the combination of the conpressor curve and the new pressure of Streams 5 and 6 after the naphthalene flowrate is scaled down by 50%. The total flowrate of Stream 8 is now 50.21 Mg/h, which is 30.6% of the original flowrate to the reactor. Given that the reactor was operating at five times minimum fluidization, the reactor is now in danger of not being fluidized adequately. Because the phthalic anhydride reaction is very exothermic, a loss of fluidization could result in poor heat transfer, which might result in a runaway reaction. The conclusion is that it is not recommended to operate at these scaled-down conditions. 

Parallel (conpeting) reactions produce desired products and unwanted by-products. Here 2 0, and no U is formed. Species B reacts to form either P or V. In the phthalic anhydride reaction sequence (Appendix C, Figure C.51. the reaction of o-xylene to form either phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, or combustion products f Appendix , Table CIO. Reactions 1, 3, and 4) is an exanple of a parallel reaction. 

The catalysis and reaction engineering group has obtained the following kinetic information regarding the o-xylene to phthalic anhydride reaction. The reactions are... 

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