Photosynthesis basic, equation

Because the reaction requires energy from light, it is known as photosynthesis. The equation looks simple but photosynthesis is anything but that. The structures that are responsible for absorption of light in order for its energy to be used are the chlorophylls, which contain porphyrin-type ligands. The porphyrin structure is derived from the basic unit known as porphin, shown in Figure 22.16. 

Essentially all free energy utilized hy biological systems arises from solar energy that is trapped by the process of photosynthesis. The basic equation of photosynthesis is deceptively simple. Water and carbon dioxide combine to form carbohydrates and molecular oxygen. 

The authors begin with the basic equation of photosynthesis and an overview of the process. Next comes a description of the chloroplast, of chlorophyll, and of the relatively simple reaction center from a photosynthetic bacterium. They then describe the overall structures, components, and reactions of photosystems II and I, and the cytochrome bj complex, including the absorption of fight, charge separation, electron-transport events, and the evolution of O2. They explain how these light reactions lead to the formation of proton gradients and the synthesis of ATP and NADPH. 

Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum uses hydrogen sulfide as a source of electrons for photosynthesis. Write the basic equation for H2S-based photosynthesis. Given the fact that the standard reduction potential for S -l- 2 —> H2S is -1-0.14 y does it seem likely that... 

The rate of photosynthesis at depth z depends on water temperature Tw, concentration of nutrient salts n, and phytoplankton biomass p, as well as on other factors, which are not considered here. To express this dependence, various equations are used, which reflect the limiting role of elements E, n, and p. Considering that dp Ip <)z > 0 at n > 0 as dp/pdz —> const with increasing n, let us take the following function as the basic one to describe photosynthesis intensity at depth z ... 

The basic source of atomic oxygen is the photosynthesis of plants, whose equation has the form ... 

The most basic summary of the photosynthesis process can be shown with a net chemical equation... 

Write a balanced equation for each of the following reactions (a) Burning magnesium metal in a carbon dioxide atmosphere reduces the CO2 to carhon. (b) In photosynthesis, solar energy is used to produce glucose (CgH 20g) and O2 from carbon dioxide and water, (c) When carbonate salts dissolve in water, they produce basic solutions. 

Chapter 3 is devoted to phototrophic processes modeling. The model approach includes the level of metaboHc fluxes and of the intracellular control. The appropriate balance equations and kinetics are outlined. The specific features, such as photosynthesis, carbon uptake, and carbon partitioning, are described. Dynamic description of the complex reactions of the cells to environmental changes is also discussed with some examples. The objective of this chapter is to give the basic biological background, to deduce, step by step, the model s governing equations, and to present simulation results with realistic parameter values. 

The basic reactions of photosynthesis and respiration involve in fact a series of uphill and downhill hydrogen transfers via sophisticated electron transport chains eventually resulting in the splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen or in its synthesis from them. For our purpose, however, these reactions can be summarized in a simplihed manner in accord with the two overall equations ... 

In aqueous solution, the electrochemical reduchon of CO2 must compete with water electroreduction. Given that hydrogen evoluhon prevails in acidic solutions, and CO2 does not exist in basic solutions, and by analogy with photosynthesis, the most favourable conditions for carbon dioxide electroreduction are predicted in close to neutral solutions [44]. Obviously, standard reduction potentials for various CO2 reductions will vary with pH according to the Nemst equation (Equation 1.5) [12]. While the reduction potential for the conversion of CO2 to CO is low (see Table 1.1), practical CO2 reduction... 

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