Photoreceptor fabrication

There are many published reports on photoreceptor fabrication and carrier generation mechanisms using TiOPc. However, this pigment exhibits a wealth of crys-... 

Lastly, the photoreceptors must be inexpensive and easy to fabricate into defect-free, large-area thin films with uniform thickness of all layers. 

Some of these devices have a respectable quantum efficiency of charge generation and collection, approaching 0.4 (20). The nature of the polymeric binder has a large effect on the device performance (21), and so does the quaUty and source of the dye (22). Sensitivity to the environment and fabrication methods results in some irreproducibiUties and batch-to-batch variances. However, the main advantage of the ZnO-based photoreceptor paper is its very low cost. 

Photodiode arrays have been used as retinal implants [684]. These arrays of p-i-n diodes are fabricated on a thin titanium layer bonded to a glass plate. The total thickness of this flexible structure is 1.5 yum. The microphotodiode array (MPDA) is used to replace photoreceptors (rods and cones) that have become defective due to disease. 

This section described the fabrication of ITO electrodes modified with porphyrin-terminated M(tpy)2 complex wires by the stepwise coordination method, and it is demonstrated that the electronic nature of the molecular wire is critical to the photoelectron transfer from the porphyrin to ITO. These results suggest that the new facile fabrication method of molecular assemblies is effective in the construction of photoelectron transfer systems. The system could be upgraded by extending the wire length, embedding the redox potential step in the wire, increasing the photoreceptors in the wire, and/or incorporating donors and acceptors. 

The photoreceptors of the eye utilize "dyes" to convert the incoming light into at least the precursor to a nervous system signal. The field of dye chemistry is extremely well developed and broad. It is also extremely complex. For many years, dye chemistry delineated itself between natural dyes and man-made dyes. This was done for a number of reasons the natural dyes were generally inferior in absorption, stability and applicability to all but the first few manmade counterparts and the natural dyes involved grossly different fabrication techniques. However, the chemical rules derived during the development of man-made dyes are also applicable to the natural dyes. In recent years, the separation between natural dye chemistry and man-made dye chemistry has begun to disappear. Many natural dyes can now be classified in the same tables as the man-made dyes. This will be demonstrated below. 

Several years have passed since the use of a -Si H as a photoreceptor for electrophotography was first proposed. Following the dramatic success in the large-scale fabrication of a-Si H solar cells, from the industrial point of view, remarkable progress has been made in a-Si H drums for copying machines or for laser line printers. 

Pacansky et al. (1987) described the fabrication of dual-layer photoreceptors by radiation curing. The layers were coated with a polymerizable acrylate monomer or oligomer as the liquid component, then cured by a 175 kV electron beam or ultraviolet exposure. These methods were used for the preparation of generation layers containing bisazo and hydroxysquaraine pigments. 

The effects of the generation-layer fabrication variables on the sensitometry of a dual-layer photoreceptor prepared with bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl) squaraine (X = H in Appendix 2) have been extensively investigated by Law (1987). The charge acceptance, dark discharge, sensitivity, and the residual... 

Organic photoreceptors are prepared by solvent coating techniques and can be fabricated in a drum or web configuration. These can be prepared in the single- or dual-layer arrangement. In the dual-layer arrangement, the generation... 

Chemical Structures, Chemical Names,3 and Acronyms for Materials Used in the Fabrication of Organic Photoreceptors... 

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