Photographs using crossed polarizers

Similar to prepared metallographic samples, the injection molded samples were cut along the flow direction, smoothed, and polished in order to expose their internal surface. After proper etching, the treated surfaces of the flank cross-section were photographed using a polarized light optical microscopy. Based on the color differences between the TLCP and matrix, volume fraction and aspect ratio of the TLCP fibers were measured [23]. 

Figure37. (a) Crystalline and right-handed helical fibersmadeofGlc-NC(12)CN-Glc (116, n= 12) observed using polarized light microscopy (at 25 C in water). Periodical structures of the fibers are denoted by arrows, (b) Polarized light micrographs of representative dehydrated and right-handed fibers from Glc-NC(12)CN-Glc (116, rt = 12), (top) photographed trough cross-polarized filters and (bottom) through plane-polarized filters. Reproduced from ref. 338 (Shimizu and Masuda, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119,28)2) with permission of the American Chemical Society.

Fig. 4.9 (See also color plate section.) Photographs of the microscope shde Kofler preparations showing the various phases of the benzocaine picric acid (BC PA) binary system. Top (a) the photomicrograph of the recrystalhzed contact preparation of BC and PA at 25 °C. The interference colours are due to the use of crossed polarizers. The pure compounds are at the extremities of the preparation, while in the region where the original compounds have merged a number of different areas may be observed, due to the formation of different crystalline species combining the two components. Heating this preparation on the hot stage microscope...

Fig. 2. Photograph of a typical Schlieren texture obtained from a 10 mol 1 solution of Li2Mo Se in N-methylformamide in the nematic phase taken using an optical microscopy with crossed polarizers with a magnification of lOOOx. (Reprinted from [4b], copyright (2000) from John Wiley and Sons)...

Figure 4B is a photomicrograph of a cross-section of a trilobal nylon carpet fiber photographed in plane polarized light. The geometry of the cross-section is a characteristic that can provide information about the manufacturer and end-use of the carpeting. 

An optical microscope is used for the optical examination of solids and liquids up to lOOOx magnification. Cross-polarizers are available to enhance the contrast between analyte and background as well as to study crystalline forms. Video or photographic cameras are also available for the generation of photomicrographs. Various staining techniques can be employed for the identification of minerals and other components. A dedicated computerized image analyzer allows for particle-size distribution measurement as well. 

Fig. 28. Apparatus and representative data for Kerr electro-optic field mapping measurements with simultaneous aligned and crossed polarizers in electron beam irradiated samples using photographic film and a computer interfaced videotape recording system as detectors.

An optical microscope photograph taken at 200 X magnification using polarizing filters is shown in Fig. 21. The spherulites show a characteristic Maltese cross pattern produced by the interaction of the polarized light with the... 

Figure 43 (a) Chemical structures of the liquid-crystal monomer (molecule 1) and cross-linker (molecule 2), which possess azobenzene moieties used for preparation of the photoresponsive polymer flhn. (h) Photographic frames of the film bending in different directions in response to irradiation by hnearly polarized hght. 

---