Photograft copolymerization

Piletsky SA, Matuschewski H, Schedler U, Wilpert A, Piletska EV, Thiele TA, Ulbricht M. Surface functionalization of porous polypropylene membranes with molecularly imprinted polymers by photograft copolymerization in water. Macromolecules 2000 33 3092-3098. 

Fig. 25 Schematic diagram of the presentation of a regionally specific micropatterned surface with an unprecedented five different photograft-copolymerized regions using the comhination of a photomask and an X-Y step motor-controUed stage...

Fig. 26 Schematic diagram of the preparation of a gradient surface varying unidirection-ally in thickness of the photograft-copolymerized layer by using the combination of two types of photomasks and the X-Y step motor-controlled stage...

Fig. 27 AFM sampling locations of the grafted region (1) and surface topological featiu-es of photograft-copolymerized surfaces as observed by AFM (2). AFM images of the gradient surface regions at 200 jjim (position e in 1) (2A) and 1100 jjim (position b in 1) (2B), which correspond to irradiation times of 13.5 and 6.75 min, respectively. Line scan spectra for selected regions corresponding to those in part 1 of the gradient film show the measured film thickness...

An interesting pore-filled composite membrane, made by photograft copolymerization onto a solvent-stable PAN UF membrane, has been established [47]. High flux and selectivity for PV separation of organic-organic mixtures were achieved by a very thin selective barrier and prevention of swelling of the selective polymer in the pores of the barrier. 

Recently, Ulbricht and coworkers [131] have reported the preparation of low-fouling ultrafiltration membranes by simultaneous photograft copolymerization of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate onto a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane. A broad characterization using flux measurement and sieving curve... 

Susanto, H., Balakrishnan, M. and Ulbricht, M. 2007. Via surface functionalization by photograft copolymerization to low-fouling polyethersulfone-based ultrafiltration membranes.. /. Memh Sci. 288 157-167. 

The preparation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNlPAAm) on poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) track-etched membranes by photograft copolymerization [27]... 

Higashi, J., Nakayama, Y., Marchant, R. E., Matsuda, T., High-Spatioresolved Microarchitectural Surface Prepared by Photograft Copolymerization Using Dithiocarbamate Surface Preparation and Cellular Responses, Lanvmuir 1999,... 

Nakayama, Y, Matsuda, T., In-Siiu Observation of Dithiocarbamate-Based Surface Photograft Copolymerization Using Quartz Crystal Microbalance, Macromolecules 1999,32,5405-5410. 

MMA and DMAPMA poly(MMA-co-DMAPMA) 23, obtained by radical copolymerization, can produce a photografting reaction with acrylonitrile (AN) using BP as the initiator [61]. The formation of a graft copolymer, poly[(MMA -c<7-DMAPMA)- -AN] was confirmed by FT-IR spectrophotometry. Based on ESR studies and end group analysis, the mechanism of grafting reaction is proposed as follows ... 

Tests of the light stabilizing activity of monomeric HAS and the corresponding homo- and copolymers reveal mostly better properties of the monomers if physical persistence is not the decisive testing factor [8]. This was found e.g. in comparison of the functionalized urethane 182 and its copolymers with styrene or methyl methacrylate [303], The macromolecular architecture is expressed very distinctly. For example, a PP photografted HAS-functionalized acrylate was more efficient than the respective monomer or homopolymer. Another observation performed with A-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)methacry-lamide, piperidyl acrylate and methacrylate, their homopolymers and copolymers with dodecyl methacrylate and octadecyl acrylate revealed that the stabilizing effect in PP was in favour of copolymers [304]. Similar HAS-functionalized monomers were copolymerized with styrene. In this case, the copolymers were substantially less efficient in PS than the monomers. Masterbatches of PP-bound HAS prepared by reactive processing imparted a comparable effectivity as conventional HAS when tested at an equimolar basis [298]. 

Photografting.—Graft copolymerization of maleimide onto polyethylene and ethyl cellulose by photochemical techniques has been reported,45 and other... 

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