Phosphorus granulated

White JA, Brown MR (1979) Ultrastmcture and X-ray analysis of phosphorus granules in a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus. Can J Bot 57 2812-2818... 

PWP Plasticized white phosphorus, granules of white phosphorus suspended... 

Phosphorus Pentoxide. This compound, P2O55 (Class 1, nonregenerative) is made by burning phosphoms ia dry air. It removes water first by adsorptioa, followed by the formation of several forms of phosphoric acid (2). Phosphoms peatoxide [1314-56-3] has a high vapor pressure and should only be used below 100°C. Its main drawback is that as moisture is taken up, the surface of the granules becomes wetted and further moisture removal is impeded. For this reason, phosphoms pentoxide is sometimes mixed with an iaert material (see Phosphoric acids and phosphates). 

Granulation. Before alumination — based on a selective sedimentation test, the phosphorus shall contain a max of 3% of particles of less than 10 microns in diameter. After alumination the powder shall pass thru the following sieves ... 

Plasticized white phosphorus (PWP) was found to be the most promising development for control of the fragmentation of P and pillaring of die smoke. It consists of an intimate mixt of granulated WF in a viscous rubber soin. The material burns more slowly and the particles... 

Finally, in the recent patent literature, some further processes for the preparation of phosphine were described for example, the treatment of white phosphorus with steam in the presence of phosphoric acid at 275-285 °C. According to a British patent, phosphine is formed when white phosphorus, in aqueous acid, is brought into contact with mercury or zinc amalgam A Japanese patent recommends the treatment of a mixture of white phosphorus and granulated zinc with acids and a small amount of methanol for the preparation of highly pure phosphine. Other patents describe electrolytic processes. Finally, it is mentioned that phosphine is formed by the electrolysis of phosporous and hypophosphorous acid, especially at mercury or lead cathodes. ... 

Synthesis of sulfur tetrafluoride by fluorination of sulfur monochloride with elemental fluorine in the presence of antimony(III) chloride or phosphorus trichloride as a catalyst has also been reported 22-23 sulfur dichloride, which is formed as the byproduct, is converted back to sulfur monochloride in an absorber filled with granulated sulfur and then recycled. 

APP fertilizers also are produced by reacting ammonia directly with wet-process phosphoric acid and dissolving the me It in ammonia solution lo produce 10-34-0. By adding potash and a hit of clay, nitrogen-phosphorus-potasstum suspensions, such as 13-13-13. are possible. If the melt is granulated, a solid with proportions 12-57-0 will result. Thus, hy adding urea and potash, a wide variety of mixes 128-28-0. 19-19-19. and so on) are possible... 

If the fused element be shaken up with a warm liquid until cold, it furnishes the so-called granulated phosphorus. J. L. Casaseca recommended alcohol of sp. gr. 085 in preference to water R. Bottger, human urine, or an aq. soln. of urea N. Blondlot, soln. of various salts, or sugar and H. Schiff, methyl alcohol, actone, aq, ammonia, soln. of gum, dextrine, glue, starch, ammonium carbonate, etc. 

Figure 38 illustrates accumulated surface scans in the rhodium 3d and phosphorus 2p region taken from granules of the rhodium anchored catalyst. The surface concentration is low enough that scan accumulation was necessary to detect these elements. These particles were oxygen plasma etched for thirty minutes and Figure 39 includes a survey spectrum as well as Rh 3d and P 2p spectra taken from the sample after OPE. The intensity of the rhodium and phosphorus lines is enhanced considerably as a result of etching. To investigate the depth of penetration of the anchored metal into the surface of the particles, surface spectra were obtained as a function of OPE times. This data is given in Table VIII and the phosphorus and rhodium spectra as a function of etch time in minutes is shown in Figure 40. The intensity of the rhodium and phosphorus lines increases up to twenty minutes of etching or equivalent to penetration of 160 nm into the surface of the particles. This analysis indicates that rhodium is fairly uniformly distributed into the particles at least 160 nm into the interior.

Source Granule diameter ( xm) Average diameter ( m) Amylose content (%) Amylose average DP Tga,b range (°C) Phosphorus (%> Ash (%) Protein (%> Lipid (%>... 

Whereas mainly cytosolic PolyP performs the function of phosphorus reservation in bacteria, in eukaryotic microorganisms phosphorus is also reserved as PolyP in other cell compartments. Under yeast growth on a medium without phosphate, the PolyP content drops by more than an order in the cytosol, vacuoles and cell walls (Kulaev and Vagabov, 1983 Kulaev et al, 1999). PolyP granules of the cytosol quickly disappear after the yeast has been placed in a phosphate-deficient medium. In a P -deficient medium, a sharp decrease of the PolyP level, both in whole cells and in vacuoles, was noted, and after 7 h of starvation the PolyP level in vacuoles decreased by 85 %, which indicates an active utilization of the entire PolyP pool for the needs of the cell under these growth conditions (Kulaev et al, 1999 Trilisenko et al, 2002). 

X-ray microanalysis of thin cryosections of Anabaena cylindrica showed that aluminium was rapidly taken up and accumulated in PolyP granules (Pettersson et al., 1985). In addition, aluminium was found in the cell walls but could not be detected in the cytoplasm. The concentration of phosphorus in the medium affected the accumulation pattern. More aluminium was bound with PolyP granules and with the cell walls after growth in a Pj-rich medium. 

H. Hase, S. Miyachi and S. Mihara (1963). A preliminary note on the phosphorus compounds in chloroplasts and volutin granules isolated from Chlorelta cells. In H. Tamiya (Ed.), Microalgae and Photosyntetic Bacteria, University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, Japan, p. 619. 

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