Phosphorus-based inorganic additives

Phosphorus-Based Inorganic Additive Flame Retardants.109... 

PHOSPHORUS-BASED INORGANIC ADDITIVE FLAME RETARDANTS... 

Analysis of the nny 82 ammunition as previously detailed shows that it uses a mercuric corrosive primer. Analysis of the Chinese 351/73 ammunition revealed that it has a copper-coated iron-jacketed bullet with an iron core and a lead tip, the cartridge case is steel with a brown colored lacquered finish, a brass primer cup, and the propellant is single based with DPA, 2 x nitrodiphenylamines, camphor, and contains no inorganic additives, and the discharged primer composition is antimony, potassium, chlorine, mercury, tin, sulfur, iron, manganese, phosphorus, zinc, and lead in descending order (lead, antimony, mercury type). 

Other manufacturers of PLA based products iuclude NEC which uses it as the main component of its bioplastic which has the world s best flame retardance for a product of this type. This has been obtained without the use of halogenated or phosphorus-based flame retardants. The proprietary property-modifying additives employed in the bioplastic by NEC include inorganic heat adsorbents, high-flow modifiers and impact modifiers. The material conforms to UL 94 5V standard thus enabling it to be used in a wide variety of electronic products including personal computer housings. 

Enzymatic phosphorylation by phosphorylases and phosphatases produces phosphoesters such as phosphoserine and phosphothreonine. Chemical phosphorylation of proteins changes their functional properties, improving them sometimes (Yoshikawa et al., 1981 Hirotsuka et al., 1984 Huang and Kinsella, 1986 Chobert etal, 1989 Matheis, 1991). However, the properties of the phosphorylated proteins depend entirely on the degree of denaturation and substitution defined by the reaction conditions and the protein (Medina etal, 1992 Sitohy etal, 1994). Casein was phosphorylated by the commonly used methods, characterized by use of excessive amounts of phosphorus oxychloride and with important additions of concentrated inorganic bases (Matheis et al, 1983 Medina et al, 1992). Thus, obtained phosphorylated caseins were highly cross-linked and partially insoluble and difficult to characterize. Hence, there arose a need to produce monomeric over-phosphorylated caseins more suitable for use and for study of their... 

According to the producer Eurobrom BV, the world FR market is worth more than US 2.3 billion, embracing some 150-200 grades, based mainly on halogens, phosphorus, inorganics, and melamine compounds, and making up about 2 7-31% of the US 8.6 billion performance additives market. 

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