Phosphorelay system

The basic scheme for MAPK cascades is shown in Figure 23-4. MAPK is part of a phosphorelay system composed of three sequentially activated kinases [13]. MAPK, inactive under basal conditions, is activated by phosphorylation by another protein kinase, termed... 

Conter, A., Sturny, R., Gutierrez, C., Cam, K. The RcsCB His-Asp phosphorelay system is essential to overcome chlorpromazine-induced stress in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 184 (2002) 2850-2853. 

El-Kazzaz, W., Morita, T., Tagami, H., Inada, T., Aiba, H. Metabolic block at early stages of the glycolytic pathway activates the Res phosphorelay system via increased synthesis of dTDP-glucose in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 51 (2004) 1117-1128. 

Erickson, K., Detweiler, C. The Res phosphorelay system is specific to enteric pathogens/commensals and activates ydel, a gene important for persistent Salmonella infection of mice. Mol Microbiol 62 (2006) 883-894. 

Hagiwara, D., Sugiura, M., Oshima, T., Mori, H., Aiba, H., Yamashino, T., Mizuno, T. Genomewide analyses revealing a signaling network of the RcsC-YojN-RcsB phosphorelay system in Escherichia coll J Bacteriol 185 (2003) 5735-5746. 

Mouslim, C., Delgado, M., Groisman, E. Activation of the RcsC/YojN/RcsB phosphorelay system attenuates Salmonella virulence. Mol Microbiol 54 (2004) 386-395. 

A number of protein kinases have been implicated in mechanochemical transduction and activation of phosphorelay systems (see Figures 9.2 to 9.4 for some of these molecules). They include the following. 

Nagahama, H., Sakamoto, Y., Matsumoto, K., Hara, H. 2006. RcsA-dependent and -independent growth defects caused by the activated Res phosphorelay system in the Escherichia coli pgsA null mutant. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 52 91-98. 

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