Growth defects

Globally, undernutrition is widespread, leading to impaired growth, defective immune systems, and reduced work capacity. By contrast, in developed countries, there is often excessive food consumption (especially of fat), leading to obesity and to the development of cardiovascular disease and some forms of cancer. Deficiencies of vitamin A, iron, and iodine pose major health concerns in many countries, and deficiencies of other vitamins and minerals are a major cause of iU health. In developed countries, nutrient deficiency is rare, though there are vulnerable sections of the population at risk. Intakes of minerals and vitamins that are adequate to prevent deficiency may be inadequate to promote optimum health and longevity. 

M.HART, in Characterization of crystal growth defects by X-ray methods, eds. B.K. 

Protein lysine methyltransferases (PKMTs) are a family of enzymes that transfer the activated methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to specific lysine residues on various substrates. The PKMTs have been causally linked to various human diseases including cancer [140], Huntington s disease [141], and growth defects [142, 143]. The substrates of the PKMTs are typically histones [144-146], but there are several methyltransferases methylate non-histone substrates, such as the tumor suppressor p53 [147, 148], the estrogen receptor ERa [149], and the ATPase Reptin [150]. Given the importance of these enzymes in normal and... 

Polynucleotide polymerases attract much attention - not only because of their central role in DNA metabolism, which suggests an important link to various diseases like tumor growth, defects of the immune system, stress-associated mutagenesis, or viral infections. Several polymerases are indispensable tools for molecular biotechnology, and could be even more valuable if the range of substrates accepted, or their stability and activity, could be tuned to specific requirements. 

Maeda T, Tsai AY, Saito H (1993) Mutations in a protein tyrosine phosphatase gene (PTP2) and a protein serine/threonine phosphatase gene (PTC1) cause a synthetic growth defect in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 13 5408-5417... 

After ppkl inactivation, the knockout mutants show no growth defects when compared with the parent strain. One of the remarkable defects in these mutants was the loss of motility (Rashid and Kornberg, 2000 Rashid et al, 2000a,b). A low-residual polyphosphate kinase activity was detected in these mutants (Zago et al., 1999) and attributed to the activity of the ppkl gene (Zhang et al., 2002). However, one cannot exclude the existence of other pathways of PolyP synthesis in this bacterium. 

SecB is an acidic, soluble, tetramer of identical 17-kDa subunits. It comprises only 0.08% of the cytosolic proteins. The secB gene is conditionally essential in that secB null strains cannot grow on rich media or at subbasal levels of heat-shock protein synthesis, but can grow on minimal media. Overexpression of heat-shock proteins can partially suppress the export and growth defects in secB null strains. SecB is not a heat-shock protein, and ATP has no known effect on its function. 

Ning XJ, Chien FR, Pirouz P, Yang JW, Asif Khan M. Growth defects in GaN films on sapphire the probable origin of threading dislocations. J Mater Res 1996 11(3) 580. 

A needed for normal vision, reproduction, and maintenance of healthy skin, mucous membranes, bones, red blood cells, cell differentiation, and im-mune fimction night blindness, xerophthalmia, loss of appetite, increased susceptibiHty to infections, skin disorders, poor growth, defective reproduction regression of precancerous lesions, reduces measle-associated morbidity in children... 

Those that are incorporated interstitially on a molecular scale in CaC03 (e.g. P04, Na and F in calcite). Typically these components are preferentially incorporated at growth defects and so tend to be more abundant where crystals have more defects, related to either rate or style of growth. Hydrogen, as measured by ion probe (Fairchild et al., 2001), probably reflects either molecular water or fluid nano-inclusions. 

Tanner, B.K. Bowen, D.K. "Characterization of Crystal Growth Defects by X-ray Methods" Plenum Press New York, 1980. 

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