Phosphate transformation

Fomina, M., Chamock, J. M., Hillier, S., Alexander, I. J., and Gadd, G. M. (2006a). Zinc phosphate transformations by the Paxillus involutus/pine ectomycorrhizal association. Microb. Ecol. 52, 322—333. 

An alkoxide-catalysed reaction between an unsaturated ketone and two equivalents of 188 (R = Me) gives 192 by way of the thermodynamically controlled (20-40 °C) initial formation of 191. Depending on R and R, further transformations of 192 lead to either 193, as a diastereoisomeric mixture, or 194, the latter an example of a product from a facile phosphonate-phosphate transformation ". ... 

Fig. 16.6. Net phosphate transformation rates in September 1989 in the water column (solid line) and in the sediment (converted to water-column equivalent rates dashed line). Reproduced from Omiin etal. (2001a) with permission from Elsevier Science.

Caputto R, Leloir LF, Cardini E, Paladini AC. Isolation of the coenzyme of the galactose phosphate-glucose phosphate transformation. J Biol Chem 1950 184 333-350. 

Mahamid J, Aichmayer B, Shimoni E, Ziblat R, Li C, Siegel S et al (2010) Mapping amorphous calcium phosphate transformation into crystalline mineral liom the eell to the bone in zebrafish fin rays. Pioc Natl Acad Sci 107(14) 6316-6321... 

C15H24N2O17P2 566.305 Biosynthetic prod, from the uridyl transferase catalysed reaction of UTP and glucose 1-phosphate. Coenzyme of the galactose phosphate -v glucose phosphate transformation in vivo. 

Peroxide Decomposers as Processing Stabiiizers. Alkyl and aryl phosphite esters (see Scheme 12) are effective melt stabilizers. They are often used in combination with hindered phenols (see Table 6). Phosphites generally function by a stoichiometric peroxidolytic mechanism (PD-S) Table 7 illustrates the benefits of using the commercial phosphites TNPP (AO 15) and Irgafos P-EPQ (AO 17, Table 3) for melt stabilization (95). The unique phosphite AO 37 and its phosphate transformation products AOs 38 and 39, (Table 7), which were shown (104,133-135) to operate by a catalytic mechanism (PD-C), are particularly effective at low concentration of the parent stabilizer molecule (see AO 37, Table 7) (95). Phosphites are, however, generally susceptible to hydrolysis. For example, hydrolysis of aryl phosphites leads to the formation of low molecular mass phenol and a... 

In order to further cla.ssify these reactions, a search for reactions that transform ATP to ADP was made, resulting in 139 reactions 139 of the above 304 reactions involve the breaking of a P-0 bond in ATP, emphasizing the central importance of this bond breaking as a source of energy, An additional three reactions involve the transformation of GTP to GDP. As many reactions transferring a phosphate group... 

Further steps m glycolysis use the d glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate formed m the aldolase catalyzed cleavage reaction as a substrate Its coproduct dihydroxyacetone phosphate is not wasted however The enzyme triose phosphate isomerase converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate to d glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate which enters the glycol ysis pathway for further transformations... 

The biological transformations that involve ATP are both numerous and funda mental They include for example many phosphorylation reactions m which ATP trans fers one of its phosphate units to the —OH of another molecule These phosphoryla tions are catalyzed by enzymes called kinases An example is the first step m the metabolism of glucose... 

Polyhalogenobenzene Hydrolysis. The chlorobenzenes can be transformed into chlorophenols by hydrolysis in a Hquid-phase basic medium. The two most commonly used techniques are treatment in aqueous alkaU medium at a temperature between 200 and 350°C (48), or a milder hydrolysis (200—250°C) treatment with dilute sodium hydroxide in the presence of copper. The hydrolysis may be carried out in the vapor phase (250—400°C) on soHd catalysts based on rare-earth phosphates (49) or copper-beating siUca. 

Ergotinine crystallises from alcohol in thin needles, has m.p. 239° (dec.) and [0)54 ° -f- 513° (c = 1, CHCI3). It is transformed into ergotoxine phosphate when boiled with ethyl alcohol containing phosphoric acid. ... 

NADPH can be produced in the pentose phosphate pathway as well as by malic enzyme (Figure 25.1). Reducing equivalents (electrons) derived from glycolysis in the form of NADH can be transformed into NADPH by the combined action of malate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme ... 

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