Phosphates group transfer

The free energies of hydrolysis (phosphate group transfer potential) of the compounds in the classes we have been discussing are important to their roles as phosphate donors and acceptors, and as carriers of chemical energy in metabolism. Table III-2 lists some of these free energies under standard conditions (pH 7, 25°C, 1 M reactants and products). A... 

Pyridoxine (Bg) Pyridoxal phosphate Group transfer to or from amino acids Depression, confusion, convulsions... 

The tendency of ATP to undergo hydrolysis, also referred to as its phosphate group transfer potential, is not unique. A variety of biomolecules can transfer phosphate groups to other compounds. Table 4.1 lists several important examples. 

Which of the following compounds would have the higher phosphate group transfer potential Explain your answer ... 

What is the difference between an enol-phosphate ester and a normal phosphate ester that gives PEP such a high phosphate group transfer potential ... 

Phosphoenolpyruvate has the greatest phosphate group transfer potential. On hydrolysis, the enol which has a resonance restricted... 

The significance of phosphate group transfers in energy metabolism is discussed in Sections 21.1 and 21.3. 

Butler, W. Serif, G.S. Fucokinase, its anomeric specificity and mechanism of phosphate group transfer. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 829, 238-243 (1985)... 

Which of the following factors contributes to the high phosphate group-transfer... 

Borkovich, K.A., Kaplan, N., Hess, J.F. and Simon, M.I. (1989). Transmembrane signal transduction in bacterial chemotaxis involves hgand-dependent activation of phosphate group transfer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Set. U.S.A. 86, 1208-1212. 

In this framework, the emergence of new synthetic pathways could proceed in two steps, as follows. First, a (ribo)zyme capable of cleaving a new type of chemical bond - in a thermodynamically favourable reaction — would have emerged. Then, the ability to make this particular type of chemical bond could develop as a reversal of the new catalytic pathway, provided that coupling with some exergonic reaction (e.g. a phosphate group transfer or a hydrolysis of a phosphoester bond) could be established. 

Some of the reactions involve a hydrolysis as well as a transfer and there is some inconsistency of nomenclature in use. The often-used expression phosphate group transfer may, strictly speaking, involve either what biochemists call the phosphate group (11.34a) or the phosphoryl group (11.34b), or their esterified derivatives. These whole groups are sometimes represented in biochemistry simply as P (the term phosphoryl group usually represents P=0 (Chapter 6.1). 

For this reaction, AjG = 0 because the phosphate group transfer potentials for GTP and ATP are essentially identical. Overall, we write the oxidation of glucose as a result of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle as... 

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