Phosphate coatings methods

A cmcial development for zinc phosphate coatings came in 1943 when it was found that more uniform and finer crystals would develop if the surface was first treated with a titanium-containing solution of disodium phosphate (6). This method of crystal modification is a prime reason for the excellent paint (qv) adhesion seen on painted metal articles. 

The usual method of applying phosphate coatings is by immersion, using a sequence of tanks which includes degreasing and phosphating stages, with... 

Campbell AA, Fryxell GE, Linehan JC, Graff GL (1996) Surface-induced mineralization a new method for producing calcium phosphate coatings. J Biomed Mater Res 32(1) 111-118... 

Methods of filler pretreatment if coupling agent is required, filler is usually pretreated before incorporation fluidized bed glass fiber impregnation in sheet forming surface modification of chalk and carbon fiber by acetylene gas plasma stearic and oleic acids phosphate coating for talc "... 

Electrochemical methods applied to deposit calcium phosphate coatings require an electrical conductor as a substrate as well as post-depositional heat treatment (Abe, Kokubo and Yamamuro, 1990). Hence, they are not well suited to coat non-conducting ceramics and heat sensitive polymers. 

Yoon, H.J., Song, J.E., Um, Y.J., Chae, G.J., Chung, S.M., Lee, I.S., Jung, U.W., Kim, C.S., and Choi, S.H. (2009) Effects of calcium phosphate coatings to surface implants by the ion-beam-assisted deposition method on self-contained coronal defect healing in dogs. Biomed. Mater., 4 (4), 044107. 

Additional solid state-NMR studies on the structure of calcium phosphate coatings deposited by various methods include the work of Rothwell, Waugh and Yesinowski (1980) Ramanathan and Ackerman (1999) Pourpoint et al. (2007) and Mathew et al. (2011). 

Lopez-Heredia MA, Weiss P, Layrolle P (2007) An electrodeposition method of calcium phosphate coatings on titanium alloy. J Mater Sci Mater Med 18(2) 381-390... 

---