Phencyclidine , abuse/toxicity

Phencyclidine (PCP) abuse remains a serious public health problem in large urban areas of the United States, with recent trends suggesting increased use after a period of decline (Crider, this volume). Most clinical and research attention has focused on the psychiatric and medical manifestations of acute or subacute PCP intoxication, especially the organic mental disorders (toxic delirium, psychosis, or depression) that PCP can induce (McCarron et al. 1981 McCarron, this volume Sioris and Krenzelok 1978). 

Toxicity. Ketamine produces hallucinogenic effects similar to those of phencyclidine and may be subject to abuse. 

Psilocybin, mescaline, and LSD have similar central (via serotonergic systems) and peripheral (sympathomimetic) effects. None of these hallucinogenic drugs have been shown to have teratogenic potential. Contrast this with the established potential for teratogenicity or other fetal toxicity with abuse of ethanol, amphetamines, and cocaine. Unlike most hallucinogens, phencyclidine acts as a positive reinforcer of self-administration in animals. Scopolamine is not a positive reinforcer but does exert atropine-like effects. The answer is (D). 

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