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Phase slope, 374 defined

The maximum slope of the operating line occurs when one end of it (in this case the top) intersects the equilibrium line. From Eq. (11.10), y2 = (248)(1.37 x 10 5), or 0.00340. If we use these coordinates in Eq. (11.12), the maximum slope of the operating line is essentially the same as the slope of the equilibrium line, 248. Since the liquid-phase molar flow rate LM is constant for this example, the maximum operating-line slope defines the minimum value of G m. ... [Pg.426]

FIGURE 25.7 Definition of quantitative waveform features of MUPs recorded with a concentric EMG electrode. MUP area is defined as the rectified area under the curve in the interval between the onset and end. The number of MUP phases is defined as the number of baseline crossings ( ) plus one. MUP turns are marked by a 0- MUP rise time is the time interval between the 10% and 90% deflection (Q) of the main negative-going slope. As by convention, negative voltage is displayed upward. [Pg.411]

In this scheme, a transition between phases is defined to be offirst order if the slope of the corresponding inflection point of fi(E) atE = Etr is positive. [Pg.63]

Pressure-area isotherms for many polymer films lack the well-defined phase regions shown in Fig. IV-16 such films give the appearance of being rather amorphous and plastic in nature. At low pressures, non-ideal-gas behavior is approached as seen in Fig. XV-1 for polyfmethyl acrylate) (PMA). The limiting slope is given by a viiial equation... [Pg.537]

Conventional filtration theory has been challenged a two-phase theory has been appHed to filtration and used to explain the deviations from paraboHc behavior in the initial stages of the filtration process (10). This new theory incorporates the medium as an integral part of the process and shows that the interaction of the cake particles with the medium controls filterabiHty. It defines a cake-septum permeabiHty which then appears in the slope of the conventional plots instead of the cake resistance. This theory, which merely represents a new way of interpreting test data rather than a new method of siting or scaling filters, is not yet accepted by the engineering community. [Pg.392]

The initial velocity of reaction is defined by the slope of a linear plot of product (or substrate) concentration as a function of time (Chapter 2), and we have just discussed the importance of measuring enzymatic activity during this initial velocity phase of the reaction. The best measure of initial velocity is thus obtained by continuous measurement of product formation or substrate disappearance with time over a convenient portion of the intial velocity phase. However, continuous monitoring of assay signal is not always practical. Copeland (2000) has described three types of assay readouts for measuring reaction velocity continuous assays, discontinuous... [Pg.88]

As you are no doubt aware, integrals are one of the key parameters in the interpretation of proton spectra and are pivotal in quantification. They measure the area under a peak and this is directly proportional to the number of protons (in the case of proton NMR) in that environment. Most software will automatically try to identify the peaks in your spectrum and integrate them for you. If you need to do it yourself, then it is a fairly trivial matter of defining the start and end point of the integrals of interest. The only complication is that you may need to tweak the slope and bias of the integral. This should be unnecessary if you have got the phase and baseline of your spectrum correct. If you find that you need to adjust slope and bias, we suggest that you go back and try to sort out baseline and phase a bit better. [Pg.39]

When a quantity of pure solid is totally dissolved in a liquid, a single phase is obtained, which consists of the two components. In this system, only one degree of freedom (which is the solute concentration) is possible, and that condition persists as the solute concentration varies from zero to saturation. This behavior is represented by the A-B segment of Fig. 5. When the data are plotted so as to illustrate the dependence of the solution composition on the system composition, one obtains a straight line (the A-B segment) with a slope of unity. Since the saturation limit is defined only with respect to a solid phase, if no undissolved solid is present, the system is undefined. [Pg.335]

The liquid fraction sensitivity is an important parameter for the determination of the semi-solid forming capability. It is defined as the rate of change of the liquid fraction in the alloy with temperature and is related to the relative slopes, in the phase diagram, of the liquidus and solidus curves. It may be determined by differential scanning calorimetry or predicted by thermodynamic modelling. Examples related to various Al alloys have been reported by Maciel Camacho et al. (2003), Dong (2003). See also several papers in Chiarmetta and Rosso (2000). [Pg.546]

The asymptote with the slope of -3 at high pA (i.e., low [A ]), fits Eq. (4.58), when Pm dominates the denominator (i.e., the aqueous phase), while the asymptote with slope of +1 fits the same equation when the aqueous phase is dominated by PmA). Between these two limiting slopes, the other three PmAg complexes are formed in varying concentrations. A detailed analysis of the curves yielded all equilibrium constants A), and K c (see section 4.14.3), which are plotted in Fig. 4.15. The curves in Fig. 4.14 have been calculated with these constants. K is defined by... [Pg.161]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.417 ]




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