Pharmacology vancomycin

Pharmacology Vancomycin is a tricyclic glycopeptide antibiotic that inhibits cell-wall biosynthesis. It also alters bacterial-cell-membrane permeability and RNA synthesis. Pharmacokinetics ... 

Williams D.H. and J.P. Waltho (1988). Molecular basis of the activity of antibiotics of the vancomycin group. Biochemical Pharmacology 317 133-141. 

The vancomycin mimics, 7, discussed above are an important example of biologically active calix[4]arene derivatives. In this case the whole macrobicy-clic structure including the calixarene skeleton with its cavity seems to be important for the pharmacological effect. In the following sections we discuss derivatives in which the calixarene serves more or less as an easily available scaffold for the assembly of biologically relevant fragments such as peptides or carbohydrates. 

Sande MA, Mandell GL. Vancomycin. In The pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 8 edition. Goodman LS, Gilman A (editors). McGraw Hill, New York 1991 p. 1138-1140. 

The simultaneous use of two or more antibiotics is recommended in specifically defined situations based on pharmacological rationale. Such combination therapy requires an understanding of the potential for interaction between the antibiotics. For example, vancomycin given alone typically has minimal nephrotoxicity, but it may be nephrotoxic when combined with an aminoglycoside. 

Toyoguchi, T, Ebihara, M., Ojima, R, Hosoya, J., Shoji, T., Nakagawa, Y. (2000). Histamine release induced by antimicrobial agents and effects of antimicrobial agents on vancomycin-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 52, 327-331. 

The chemically similar teicoplanin, not approved in the USA, is not inferior to vancomycin with regard to efficiency of treating grampositive infections. It shows a lower rate of adverse reactions, particularly nephrotoxicity and, as already discussed, is used as a substitute for vancomycin in red man syndrome. When hypersensitivity reactions do occur with teicoplanin they are generally of the delayed type, but there are a few documented cases of apparent IgE antibody-mediated reactions implicated, for example, by an immediate wheal and flare skin reaction to the drug or by teicoplanin-induced histamine release from a patient s basophils. Despite the chemical and pharmacological... 

Dilli D, Oguz SS, Dilmen U. A newborn with vancomycin-induced thrombocytopenia. Pharmacology 2008 82(4) 285-6. 

Gross, M. Bilrli, R. Jones, P. Garcia, M. Batiste, B. Kaizerman, J. Moser, H. Jising, V. Hoch, U. Duan, J.-X. Tanaka, R. Johnson, K.W. Pharmacology of novel heteroaromatic polycycle antibacterials. Antimicroh.Agents Chernother., 2003, 47, 3448-3457. [LG-MS linezolid vancomycin]... 

The layers coated with (—)-vancomycin were also successfully used for the separation of enantiomers of verapamil, a calcium channel blocker usually administered as racemic compound, even though the 5-(—)-isomer was 20-30 times pharmacologically more active than the i -(+)-form [42], The results are reported in Table 5.13. Amounts as low as 0.075 /rg of each enantiomer were detected by iodine vapor at working temperature 18 C. 

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