Pharmacology definition

Exogenous histamine decreases the release of [3H]histamine induced by potassium [33, 36, 37], veratridine [33, 36] or field electrical stimulation [38-41], The inhibition was stronger with stimulations of low intensity. The autoinhibitory effect of histamine displayed a high pharmacological specificity and the analysis of the response led to the pharmacological definition of H3 receptors. 

R05C A Expectorants According to an accepted pharmacological definition expectorants are drugs that influence the properties,... 

Sometimes the additive effects are solely toxic (e.g. additive ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, bone marrow depression, QT interval prolongation). Examples of these reactions are listed in Table 1.7 , (see below). It is common to use the terms additive , summation , synergy or potentiation to describe what happens if two or more drugs behave like this. These words have precise pharmacological definitions but they are often used rather loosely as synonyms because in practice it is often very difficult to know the extent of the increased activity, that is to say whether the effects are greater or smaller than the sum of the individual effects. 

Atrioventricular block in general is treated by implantation of an electrical pacemaker. A pharmacological alternative (although no longer used today) was atropine. However, atropine can be used for bridging the time between the onset of symptoms and the definitive implantation of a pacemaker. 

The overall objective of clinical trials is to establish a drug therapy that is safe and effective in humans, to the extent that the risk-benefit relationship is acceptable. The ICH process has developed an internationally accepted definition of a clinical trial as Any investigation in human subjects intended to discover or verify the clinical, pharmacological and/or other pharmacodynamic effects of one or more investigational medicinal product(s), and/or to identify any adverse reactions to one or more investigational medicinal product(s) and/or to study absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of one or more investigational medicinal product(s) with the object of ascertaining its (their) safety and/or efficacy. ... 

In conclusion, until now insufficent data have been available to define general rules to predict for which drugs liposome encapsulation will be therapeutically beneficial when applied to the skin. It is too early to draw definite conclusions about the advantage of the vise of liposomes over alternative dermal delivery systems in the therapy for drugs designed to exert a pharmacological effect either locally or systemically. 

In conclusion, H3 ligands offer the attractive vista of multiple applications in various disorders, but the ultimate definition of their therapeutic utility will have to await clinical trial results. Future work will determine whether inverse agonists, neutral antagonists, or protean agonists will constitute the more useful pharmacological intervention. 

Patients with brain metastases have a poor prognosis. Untreated patients generally have a median survival of 1 month. The choice of treatment depends primarily on the status of the patient s underlying malignancy and the number and sites of brain metastases. The primary definitive treatments for brain metastases are surgery and radiation therapy. Pharmacologic modalities are... 

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