Pharmacodynamics pediatric patients

Groll AH, Wood L, Roden M, Mickiene D, Chiou CC, Townley E, Dad L, Piscitelli SC, Walsh TJ. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of cyclodextrin itraconazole in pediatric patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 46(8) 2554-63. 

Examples of these pathophysiologic and pharmacodynamic differences are numerous. Clinical presentation of chronic asthma differs in children and adults. Children present almost exclusively with a reversible extrinsic type of asthma, whereas adults have nonspecific, nonatopic bronchial irritability. This explains the value of adjunctive hyposensitization therapy in the management of pediatric patients with extrinsic asthma. ... 

Currently, 52 phenotype files are available, involving more than 3400 individuals and more than 800 types of measurements. These include both in vitro and in vivo studies, and cover all of the categories of evidence. A good representation of data on pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of cancer therapies can be found, including studies on pediatric patients, as well as phenotypes associated with cardiovascular disease and hypertension. We also now accept micro array data in MAGE-ML format (16). 

Shi J, Ludden T M, Melikian A P, et al. (2001). Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sotalol in pediatric patients with supraventricular or ventricular tachyarrhythmia. ) Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 28 555-575. 

Shi J, Ludden TM, Melikian AP, Gastonguay MR, Hinderling PH (2001) Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sotalol in pediatric patients with supraventricular or ventricular tachyarrhythmia. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 28 555-575 Shin JG, Kang WK, Shon JH, Arefayene M, Yoon YR, Kim KA, Kim DI, Kim DS, Cho KH, Woosley RL, Flockhart DA (2007) Possible interethnic differences in quinidine-induced QT prolongation between healthy Caucasian and Korean subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 63 206-215... 

Physiologic processes that influence pharmacokinetic variables in the infant change significantly in the first year of life, particularly during the first few months. Therefore, special attention must be paid to pharmacokinetics in this age group. Pharmacodynamic differences between pediatric and other patients have not been explored in great detail and are probably small except for those specific target tissues that mature at birth or immediately thereafter (eg, the ductus arteriosus). 

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