Pharmacodynamics concept

Examples for the Integration of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Concepts Into the Biotech Drug Development Plan... 

Typical problems prohibit the derivation of firm mixture extrapolation laws that are sound with regard to both conceptual underpinning and support by test data. Due to the lack of high-quality, appropriate data, mixture extrapolation is mostly founded on a few simple pharmacodynamic concepts of noninteractive joint action, commonly called concentration addition and response addition, and on the statistical... 

Our current understanding of mixture extrapolation is based on simple pharmacodynamic concepts of noninteractive joint action, such as simple similar action and simple independent action, with the associated extrapolation models concentration addition and response addition. These models are used for various types of extrapolations. Although mode of action is important when considering possible mixture interactions and extrapolations, the concept of the ecological mode of action needs to be expanded, as was also concluded for extrapolation across levels of biological organization. Mixture extrapolation should consider environmental (matrix)-chemical... 

Biotech drugs, including peptides, proteins and antibodies, oligonucleotides, and DNA, are projected to cover a substantial market share in the health care systems of the future. It will be crucial for their widespread application in pharmacotherapy, however, that their respective drug development programs are successfully completed in a rapid, cost-efficient, and goal-oriented manner. A more widespread application of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic concepts including exposure-response correlations... 

Rowland M, Tozer TN. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics concepts and applications. Philadelphia Lippincott Williams WUkins, 2011. 

Mather LE, Copeland SE, Ladd LA. Acute toxicity of local anesthetics underlying pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic concepts. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2005 30 553-566. 

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