Pharmaceutical industry riboflavin

Riboflavin is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food-enrichment, and feed-supplement industries. Riboflavin USP is adininistered orally in tablets or by injection as an aqueous solution, which may contain nicotinamide or other solubilizers. As a supplement to animal feeds, riboflavin is usually added at concentrations of 2—8 mg/kg, depending on the species and age of the animal (see Feeds AND FEED ADDITIVES). 

For the industrial production of riboflavin as pharmaceuticals, the traditional methodology comprising the dkect condensation of (13) with (14) in an acidic medium with continuous optimisation of the reaction conditions is stiU used (28). A great part of riboflavin manufactured by fermentative methods is used for feeds in the form of concentrates. The present world demand of riboflavin may be about 2500 t per year. Of this amount, 60%, 25%, and 15% are used for feeds, pharmaceuticals, and foodstuffs, respectively. The main producers are Hoffmann-La Roche, BASF, Merck Co., and others. 

Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is the central component of FAD and FMN, and is therefore required by all flavo proteins. It plays an important role in the metabolism of fats, ketone bodies, carbohydrates, and proteins. Riboflavin for industrial use is mainly produced from ascomycete fungi in aerobic fermentation. Three quarters of riboflavin is used as a feed additive and the remaining is used as food additives and in pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, FMN can be synthesized by chemical phosphorylation from riboflavin, while FAD can be produced by chemical synthesis or by microbial transformation, which uses FMN and ATP as the substrates. ... 

The chemical composition of tobacco leaves and biomass waste has received a considerable amount of attention in recent years, and tobacco waste is considered to be a good source of a large number of bioactive substances. Tobacco waste contains a variety of valuable chemical constituents, such as nicotine, solanesol, sclareol, vitamin E, riboflavin, tobacco protein, etc. They can be obtained by a series of chemical extraction and refining methods. The bioactive compounds can be used in pharmaceutical, chemical, and other industries. In the following sections, the active compounds from tobacco waste are reviewed by metabolite type. 

Industry and Business. Scientists in industry traditionally carry out a significant percentage of metabolic engineering research, a good portion of which is directed to health care products, such as pharmaceuticals. Successful scientific projects include creating of lysine, riboflavin, coenzyme Q-IO, the aminoshikimate pathway, and beta-carotene by meta-bolically engineered microorganisms. 

Khalil, S.A.H., and El-Masry, S., 1974, Adsorption of Atropine and Hyoscine on Magnesium Tiisihcate , Journal of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, 26, pp 243-248. Khahl, S.A.H., Mortada, L.M., Shams-Eldeen,M.A., and El-Khawas,M.M., 1987, The in vitro Uptake of a Low Dose Drur (Riboflavine) by Some Adsorbents , Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 13(3), pp 547-563. 

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