Phagocytic ability cells

Mechanisms by which ozone might interfere with bactericidal function include an alteration in cell-membrane function that produces a loss in phagocytic ability and is perhaps mediated by lipid peroxides and a decrease in the ability of veolar macrophages to kill phagocytized bacteria. Leukocytes in general appear to have a multiplicity of mechanisms for destroying ingested bacteria. 

Steroids also alter important functional activities of lymphocytes and monocytes. This effect is mainly on T lymphocytes and is at least partly due to a decrease in IL-2 production. Other proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and IL-6 are also down regulated (Barnes, 2001 Krensky et al., 2005). The effect on B lymphocytes is less prominent. Steroids also profoundly impair the function of monocytes/macrophages by significantly decreasing their phagocytic ability. Glucocorticoids also increase I B expression, thereby curtailing activation of NF-kB, which increases apoptosis of activated cells (Auphan etal., 1995). 

It has the ability to cross the placenta and therefore provides a major line of defence against infection for the newborn. This can be reinforced by transfer ofcolostral IgG across the gut mucosa of the neonate. It diffuses readily into the extravascular spaces where it can act in the neutralization of bacterial toxins and can bind to microorganisms enhancing the process of phagocytosis (opsonization). This is due to the presence on the phagocytic cell surface of a receptor for Fc. 

Additional molecular mechanisms must also mediate IFN-y effects, as it promotes a marked clinical improvement in some CGD patients without enhancing phagocyte activity. IFN-y s demonstrated ability to stimulate aspects of cellular and humoral immunity (e.g. via T- and B-lymphocytes), as well as NK cell activity, is most likely responsible for these observed improvements. 

A number of cells, including cytotoxic T lymphocytes, NK cells, and mononuclear phagocytic cells, are endowed with cytotoxic abilities and thus mediate important immunosurveillance mechanisms against neoplastic cells and viral infections. In immune-compromised hosts, a correlation has been observed between low NK cell activity and morbidity [22-25] or the incidence and severity of upper respiratory tract infections [24],... 

LL-37 has been demonstrated to affect DC differentiation from monocytes. Thus, monocytes primed with LL-37 demonstrated upregulated phagocytic capacity, and when induced to differentiate to DCs exhibited increased costimulatory molecule expression, enhanced Thl-cytokine production, and improved ability to activate Thl-polarized T-cell immunity. A subsequent investigation by Kandler et working with... 

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