Pesticides in ground water

U.S. EPA, Method SCI-Determination of Nitrogen- and Phosphorus Containing Pesticides in Ground Water hy GCj NPD, draft, Apr. 15, 1988 available from U.S. EPA Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1988. 

EPA. 1988c. Pesticides in ground water database. 1988 interim report. Washington, DC U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs. EPA 540/09-89-036. 

J.E. Barbash and E.A. Resek, Pesticides in Ground Water, Distribution, Trends, and Governing Factors. Ann Arbor Science Press, Chelsea, MI (1996). 

It is estimated that groundwater is the source of drinking water for 90% of rural households and three-quarters of all US cities. In total, more than one-half of the US citizens rely on ground water for their everyday needs. Because of the amount of information indicating the presence of pesticides in ground-water in the different US states [ 148], a joint research project between the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) s Office of Drinking Water and the Office of Pesticide... 

For the determination of chlorinated pesticides in ground water by extraction with ... 

U.S. EPA. Pesticides in ground water background document. Office of Gronnd-Water Protection, 1986. 

For the detection, gas chromatography (GC) [15,18-20, 28] and liquid chromatography (LC) [14—16, 21, 22, 24, 26-29] coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) have been the techniques most frequently used in the determination of pesticides in ground water. Examples of the application of both techniques in the area of study, Catalonia, are the work of Garrido et al. [17], who used GC-MS and GC with electron capture detection (ECD) for the analysis of 44 pesticides in groundwater samples from Catalonia and that of Kampioti et al. [25], who used online SPE-LC-MS/MS to analyse 20 pesticides in river water and... 

The above described situation deserves two final comments First of all, the need of keeping extensive monitoring campaigns for the control of pesticides in ground-water as the only reliable basis to assess quality status, and secondly, it must be... 

In a groundwater contamination study of 28 of California s 58 counties that evaluated over 50 pesticides (from both point and nonpoint sources), diazinon was detected in 12 samples (Cohen 1986). Diazinon is included as an analyte of interest in the EPA Pesticides in Ground Water Database (EPA 1989a) and was... 

NH Spliid, B K0ppen. Determination of polar pesticides in ground water using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. J Chromatogr A 736 105 — 114, 1996. 

Lacorte and Barcelo [36] have described a procedure for the determination of nanogram per litre levels of organophosphorus pesticides in ground waters based on automated online liquid-solid extraction followed by liquid chromatography. The detection used on the liquid chromatograph is an atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometer using negative and positive ion modes of operation. 

Lopez-Avila, V., Hirata, P, Kraska, S., Flanagan, M., Taylor, J.H., Hern, S.C., Melanon, S., Pollard, J.P. (1989) Movement of selected pesticides and herbicides through columns of sandy loam. In Evaluation of Pesticides in Ground Water. Garner, W.Y., Honeycutt, R.C., Editors, American Chemical Society, Washington DC. 

Barbash J. E. and Resek E. A. (1996) Pesticides in Ground Water—Distribution, Trends, and Governing Factors. CRC Press, Boca Raton, EL, 588p. 

Cleanup for Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Common Organic Pesticides in Ground Water, Soil, Plant, and Animal Extracts, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1968) 3, 65-70. 

---